三级市场（third market)

A．change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle

B．help young people make friends with the opposite sex

C．make them competitive in the job market

D．help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

From the second and third paragraphs we learn that ______.

A．more government money is being used freely to protect lands from desertification

B．the exploitation of the existing dry land is against the market

C．the federal government favors farmers a lot over workers in companies

D．great effort has been made by the government to make use of dry land

A．change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyles

B．help young people make friends with the opposite sex

C．make them competitive in the job market

D．help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

A.缩短客户审批周期

B.拓展新客户

C.提升企业作为行业领导者的形象

D.减少法律纠纷

E.提供新服务

From the third paragraph of the passage，we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can___________．[A]change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyles[B]help young people make friends with the opposite sex[C]make them competitive in the job market[D]help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

三级价格歧视(third—degree price discrimination)(厦门大学2011研)

Lenovo Group Limited of China is buying the (67) computer business of the American company IBM International Business Machines (68) millions of people their first PCs; Now it is getting out of the business of selling (69) . Aggressive competition in the industry has cut the (70) in sales.

The deal is (71) one thousand seven hundred fifty million dollars. This includes five hundred million dollars in debt that Lenovo will take (72) from IBM. Lenovo will be third in worldwide (73) behind the American companies Dell and Hewlett-Packard.

Ten thousand IBM (74) will go to work for Lenovo. The American company already has (75) employees in China. IBM will (76) a nineteen percent share in Lenovo. And IBM will continue to offer services, the most (77) part of its personal computer business.

IBM helped (78) the market for personal computers in nineteen eighty-one with a machine that became very popular. The computer used an (79) system made by a small company, Microsoft. Another small company provided the microprocessor, the (80) of a computer. That was Intel. Intel and Microsoft grew highly profitable.

But soon, less (81) computers appeared. IBM saw its market share (82) . In the end, it stopped making its personal computers itself.

The Gartner research group (83) that IBM had a five percent share of the world PC market this year. Lenovo had two percent. But it controls (84) of the Chinese market, the largest in Asia.

Chinese companies are moving to (85) their international business holdings (份额). This (86) is one of the biggest yet. Lenovo will be able to use the IBM name for five years.

【C1】

A．single

B．personal

C．individual

D．private

假定课本133-136的例子中的两国——本国和外国(在例子中，本国的汽车年销售量为900000辆，外国的年销售量为1600000辆，且假设两国有相同的生产成本)现在打算与拥有3750000辆国内汽车市场规模的第三国进行汽车市场的一体化。试计算一体化后新市场中的厂商数、各厂商的产量，以及汽车单价。

Suppose the two countries we considered in the numerical example on pages 133-136 were to integrate their automobile market with a third country with an annual market for 3.75 million automobiles．Find the number of firms，the output per firm，and the price per automobile in the new integrated market after trade．

Prospecting the Local Oil Market

As a part of its WTO commitments, China opened its retail oil market at the end of last year. By December 2006, China will open up its wholesale market, allowing foreign enterprises to sell oil in large quantities and compete head on with China's state-owned oil companies. Foreign oil businesses will be able to build up oil depots, set up wharfs (码头) for shipping and create bigger sales networks. In order to capture as much market share in China as possible, many foreign oil giants have already allocated (拨款) capital to expand their presence in China and devised strategic plans to increase their competitive edge.

Fierce competition is unavoidable as the Chinese oil market opens further. China is now the world's third largest consumer of oil. Currently, the two state-owned enterprises, China Petroleum and Chemical Corp. (Sinopec) and China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), dominate the Chinese wholesale market, and foreign companies must get their approval before they can enter local retail and wholesale markets. In addition, the oil import business is monopolized by the following five Chinese enterprises: Sinopec, CNPC, Sinochem Corp., China National Offshore Oil Corp. and Zhuhai Zhen Rong Co. Nevertheless, experts say that as long as WTO commitments are honored, the monopoly in China's oil sector will be broken. Though the market share of foreign companies will likely increase to some extent, experts say that it shouldn't challenge the dominance of Sinopec and CNPC.

Breaking the Monopoly

"After 2006, the monopoly will end. The market will be carved up by three kinds of companies: state-owned wholesale enterprises, foreign enterprises and domestic private enterprises," noted an expert.

Coincidentally, China tried to adopt a relatively free market before 1999. Privateand state-owned enterprises were developing together in the oil retail and wholesale markets. However, by 1998, the oil market became uncontrolled. It fell into disorder with the positioning of too many gas stations and rampant international oil smuggling. With ineffective government management and control, the private enterprises expanded viciously, costing Sinopec and CNPC millions of U.S. dollars income losses.

In May 1999, the State Council decided to rectify (改正) the disorder in the domestic oil market by retaining no wholesalers other than Sinopec and CNPC. Therefore, the wholesale market changed from a free market into one monopolized and controlled by Sinopec and CNPC.

After China's entry into the WTO, the wholesale market was loosened to some extent. In October 2003, Hubei Tianfa Co. Ltd. was granted a license to enter the wholesale market by the Ministry of Commerce, allowed to deal in the gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil wholesale business. While it marked the entry of a third company in the wholesale market, the license was the first ever granted to a Chinese private enterprise since the market was restructured in 1999. Since then, Chinese private capital has gradually begun to enter the wholesale oil market.

Foreign Competition Ready

The wholesale oil market is going to be opened up in 2006 and the cooperation between foreign oil companies and their Chinese counterparts is beginning to change. The focus of foreign companies is changing from cooperation with Chinese companies to exploration and development. They are now building their own petroleum processing and storage stations and increasing their stake in the sales center.

According to the current local policy, the storage capacity of a wholesaler's oil storage depots must be larger than 4000 cubic meters. Last year, BP Global (British Petroleum) built up the Nansha oil depot as a joint venture with Guangzhou Development Industry Co. Ltd. The Nansha oil depot, currently the largest and most advanced oil depot in Chi

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

市场出清(market clearing)