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One cell has 2 TRXs (14 timeslots used for TCH).How many Erlang can this cell carry if the QoS (blocking rate) is 2%？ （）
A.2.7 Erlang
B.8.2 Erlang
C.16.0 Erlang
D.14.0 Erlang
答案
更多“One cell has 2 TRXs （14 timeslots used for TCH).How many Erlang can this cell carry if t”相关的问题
第1题
A.One TG consists of up to 16 TRXs
B.One TG can be connected to a maximum of 32 cells
C.A cell can be connected to one only
第2题
根据以下材料，回答题
Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
According to scientists in the USA， stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them （they had also suffered from severe heart failure）. The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump （用泵抽运） more blood than the others.
According to Professor Robert Kormos， one of the researchers， these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit， this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.
All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction （射血分数）. It is a measure of heart performance; it measures how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle （心室）.
Healthy people"s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery （搭桥手术） performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reposed.
Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the U.K. alone about 650，000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general， these findings are particularly significant.
Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.
The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3题
What Causes Cancer？
The question "What causes cancer？" has been asked for centuries. The short answer is: we still don't know. But a tremendous amount has added to our understanding in recent decades. One major change in the way researchers view cancer is that they now rarely think in terms of a single unitary cause. Rather, it appears that most cancers are caused by the interaction of several factors. In ninny cases, some or all of three factors may be involved: (1) viruses, (2) individual susceptibility, and (3) environmental irritants(刺激物). Another major change in our contemporary view of cancer is that it is now regarded as a premiere example of an environmental disease--that is, a disease in which environmental factors are often crucial to the disease process.
VIRUSES
A number of viruses have been identified that induce cancer in laboratory animals. What about humans？ As of the late 1970s, no virus had been shown conclusively to cause cancer in people. However, the scientific consensus was that it was probably only a matter of time before such a connection was proven.
Cancer, however, is not a communicable disease, like a cold or influenza. It is not "catching" in the ordinary sense of a word, and the mere presence of the suspect virus is apparently not enough, by it self, to produce the disease. It appears that the process may work something like this: A carcinogenic virus enters a cell and insinuates itself amidst the cell's genetic material. (Viruses and genes are structurally similar. ) The virus may then lie dormant(休眠的) for years, until it is triggered into action by some kind of environmental irritant, such as pollution or radiation. At that point, the reactivated virus causes changes in the genes, altering the host cell permanently and also altering all the cells produced by the division of the original cell. The genetic program of these new—and now cancerous-cell calls for tile unrestrained growth, dedifferentiation(分化), anaphase, and metastasis(转移)discussed earlier.
INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPIBILITY
Some people may be more prone to develop cancers than others, for several possible reasons.
Heredity is one. Resistance to cancer, or susceptibility to it, is a quality for which laboratory animals can be bred. So, presumably, heredity may play some role in humans as well. Statistical evidence, however, shows only a minor tendency for cancers to run in families. Indeed, for most cancers no such tendency can be demonstrated. Cancers of the breast, lung, thyroid, colon, and rectum do seem to cluster in families, at least to some degree. If your family has a history involving one of these cancers, you and your physician may want to be especially vigilant for signs of such cancer during your periodic physical examinations.
Some researchers have proposed that personality characteristics may render some people more vulnerable to cancer. According to this theory, people are more likely to develop cancer, and more likely to die from it, if they have rigid, authoritarian personality and suppressed inner conflicts about sexual and aggressive feelings. There have been many studies attempting to test this theory, and the results are thought-provoking. In one study, for example, doctors at the University of Rochester were able to predict with seventy-five percent accuracy whether women entering the hospital for a biopsy would have cancer or not, based on psychiatric interviews. However, this and many other studies linking cancer and psychological factors were performed on small samples. Well-controlled, large-scale, long-term studies are needed before the theory can be regarded as well established.
A third factor that might influence your susceptibility to cancer is the state of your immune system. When a person's immune system is weak, he or she has a heightened chance of developing ca
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B．N
C．NG
第4题
根据材料，完成题。
Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
According to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure ) . The patients who had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽运) more blood than the others.
According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.
All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数 ) . It is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室) .
Healthy people&39;s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%.
Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the word in general these findings are particularly significant.
Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.
The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第5题
American Karoshi (过劳死)
Workaholics(工作狂)in America
A thin, 40-something man with scattered white hair and wan(苍白的)complexion looked up from his notebook in a church basement on Manhattan's Upper West Side.
"Hi, I'm Emerson," he said, "and I'm addicted to work."
"Hi, Emerson," answered his companions.
Emerson is a lecturer at a major university in the New York area. In addition to his course load, he developed two new classes last semester, submitted a book-length manuscript. for publication and served as executive director of a small not-for-profit corporation. "In my own eyes I'm a lazy sloth(懒惰的人)," he declared. He even agonized over coming to this evening's Workaholics Anonymous meeting. He couldn't shake the thought of running home to update his telephone list. "I just feel compelled to do this," he said. "It's insanity."
What makes workaholics of America
Emerson is not alone. His condition is a product of the society that surrounds him. Joan Feldman of an investment firm in Tower 2 of the World Trade Center barely got out of the building after the first airliner crashed into Tower 1 on 11 September. While hurrying down the stairs from the 88th floor, she heard an announcement over the Center's public-address system ordering employees back to work. "I would be dead," said Ms Feldman when asked what would have happened if she had obeyed.
America's obsession with work has reached epidemic proportions, according to Dr Bryan E. Robinson, family therapist and author of the 1998 book, Chained to the Desk (New York University Press). He believes that workaholism is a disease that kills people and ruins families. In New York, time is money, and since one's worth is measured by ability to earn, overwork isn't just a good idea, it's the law of supply and demand. According to psychiatrist Dr Jay B. Rohrlich, in Hollywood where one's appearance is paramount(至高无上的), the same problems might manifest themselves in anorexia(厌食症). But in New York, where working excessively to achieve success is the norm, people go overboard. "When your drive controls you, instead of you controlling it, it can be the sign of underlying problems," he points out.
That equation is reinforced by new technologies which make workaholics of all of us. When Marilyn Machlowitz wrote Workaholics in 1980, things were very different. "We didn't have faxes, cell phones, cell phones with e-mail, beepers, Palm Pilots. Workaholics used to be the people who would work anytime, anywhere. What has changed is that it has become the norm to be on call 24/7. Now that's something that doesn't cause anyone to blink. Globalization has really changed a lot of our work habits." People in the financial industry check in with London when they arrive for work in the morning and don't stop until the Nikkei(日经指数)starts up at eight or nine in the evening. "The demand has increased to a point where it may be faster than people are hardwired(日经指数) to handle. And we haven't seen all that high-tech has to offer yet, either." Twenty years ago we had enforced downtime, noted Ms Machlowitz: "If we had to send a draft of a document to someone, we had time before they received it in the mail, read it and mailed it back demanding changes. That time has collapsed to nothing. 'Right away' has a new definition."
A study on workaholics
A study recently conducted by the health insurer Oxford Health Plans found that one in five Americans show up for work whether they're ill, injured or have a medical appointment. This same obsession keeps one in five Americans from taking their vacation — a failure which has been found to put individuals at risk of early death. "Vacationitis (假日病)" may come from fear of returning to find someone else at your desk, or the idea that everything will collapse in your absence.
Workaholics Anonymous(无名
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C．NG
第6题
Text 2
Human creativeness is boundless. With the advance of science and technology, a complete new means of communication - Mobile Phone came to the world, which, being not fixed in one place like ordinary phones, greatly facilitates telephone communication. Although using mobile phone is convenient, it also has some negative factors. It tells us that we should pay more attention to the mobile phone etiquette. There is a research on American mobile phone etiquette.
People are using cell phones in a Manhattan subway. Most Americans believe that there are unspoken rules about using mobile phone etiquette, according to an online poll.
It's impolite to shout down their cell phones which may frighten other passengers. Checking emails, sending text messages and making telephone calls while in the company of other passengers are definite breeches of mobile phone manners. Texting during a date is also strictly forbidden.
But the majority of American people questioned in the online poll said that they would not be offended if they received an electronic "thank you" , instead of a written note and seventy-five percent had no objections to anyone using laptops, net books or cell phones in the bathroom. "Etiquette is first and foremost a question of awareness," said the author and etiquette expert Anna
Post. But she described the results of the Harris Interactive poll commissioned by Intel as " pretty
surprising statistics" .
Sixty-two percent of the 2 ,625 adults who took part in the survey agreed that cell phones, lap-tops, net books and other electronic devices are part of daily life. Fifty-five percent also thought that the demands of business mean people must stay connected, even if it involves taking a laptop on a holiday or answering a cell phone during a meal.
Despite the need to be constantly connected and the general acceptance of the technology, people were more sensitive about technology abuses during holiday and religious activities. Nearly ninety percent of Americans think that cell phone use is unacceptable during a religious service and thirty percent admitted they would be offended if they received an online gift wish. But more than half revealed that they intended to send an electronic greeting card, instead of a traditional one.
"These are issues about common sense," said Dr Genevieve Bell, an ethnographer and director of Intel's User Experience Group, adding that the social rules of when and how it is appropriate to use the technology are still being formed.
46. Which of the following sentences is right according to the passage？
[ A] 75 percent of people in the online poll had no objections to anyone using laptops, net books and cell phones in the bathroom.
[B] Nearly all of Americans think cell phone use is impolite during religious activities.
[C] 90 percent of people in the online poll admitted they would be unhappy if they were given an online gift wish.
[D] 30 percent of people in the online poll believe that people should get in touch with each other frequently because of the demand of business.
第7题
听力原文： St. Valentine's Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow.
Three hundred years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On February 14, Valentine was beheaded, not only because he was a Christian, but also because he had performed a miracle. He supposedly cured the jailer's daughter of her blindness. The night before he was executed, he wrote the jailer's daughter a farewell letter, signing it "From Your Valentine." Another legend tells us that this same Valentine, well-loved by all, received notes to his jail cell from children and friends who missed him.
Another Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at about the same time, AD 200. He was imprisoned because he secretly married couples, contrary to the laws of the Roman emperor. Some legends say he was burned at the stake.
(26)
A．3.
B．4.
C．5
D．6
第8题
One has to wait for 2 days or longer for a reply if he/she pays ______.
A．in person
B．by telephone
C．by fax
D．by post
第9题
A Cloud of Stem Cell
The pressure on stem cell pioneer Woo Suk Hwang over the way he obtained human eggs for his research is intensifying-particularly in South Korea, where he had been a national hero. In the past week, several new claims have emerged that Hwang may have used eggs that were paid for, as well as eggs from junior members of his laboratory.
Hwang's team, based at South National University, has produced a string of landmark papers in stem cell research, including the first stem cells obtained from a cloned human embryo(胚胎)(W. S. Hwang et al. Science 303, 1669-1674; 2004) and the first patient-matched embryonic stem cells(W. S. Hwang et al. Science 308, 1777-1783; 2005).
For South Korean scientist, cloning pioneer and Snuppy creator, Woo Suk Hwang, things keep going from bad to worse. Last month, he had to admit that as part of the groundbreaking stem cell research he published in 2004, one of his colleagues had paid some women for their egg donations, and that two of the unpaid donors were Hwang's own junior researchers. Amid the moral controversy that followed, Hwang was in hospital for extreme fatigue and exhaustion. He was released earlier this week, only to find one of his former researchers on a national news broadcast claiming that the history-making stem cell lines Hwang created were fake.
The news broadcast was part of a multi-part investigative series by Korea's MBC-TV. Also in the broadcast, the researcher said that Hwang had told him to make up data in order to make it appear as if the South Koreans had created more stem cells, made from patients with diseases, than they actually had. "This is something I shouldn't have done," said the researcher, whose face was not shown on camera and was only identified by his last name, Kim. "I had no choice but to do it."
In a separate interview, Roh Sung Li, the doctor who had provided donated eggs to Hwang's research, said that Hwang had asked Science, the journal that published his paper on patient-specific stem cells, to withdraw the publication. A spokesperson at the journal said that they had not yet received a request to take back, but have e-mailed all 25 co-authors asking for clarification of the allegations(指控). Roh told news media that of the 11 stem cell lines created from patients with diseases, nine were fake. Whether the two remaining lines were valid, and photographed repeatedly to stand in for the other lines, is not clear. Roh also claims that after a visit to Hwang on Thursday, he believes there were no stem cells at all, and that all of the colonies had died in the lab. "I heard some things that I haven't been aware of when I visited Professor Hwang at his request, that there are no embryonic stem cells," he told MBC.
These latest claim comes just 24 hours after a former Hwang cooperator, Dr. Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh, charged Hwang with fabricating his data. Back in June, the two men had co-authored a paper published in Science that detailed how individual stem cell lines were created for 11 patients through cloning. When Hwang's immoral deeds were uncovered last month, Schatten was already publicly distancing himself from his onetime colleague. But on Tuesday, Schatten, took the next step and asked that his name be removed from the work. His reasons？ "Careful re-evaluations of published figures and tables," he said in his letter, "along with new problematic information, now cast substantial doubts about the paper's accuracy." Hwang has still not responded to these new accusations(指控), and Schatten has declined to comment further.
Hwang's academic affair is the latest plot twist in a drama that's playing out in the Korean press. Several days after Schatten's initial break with Hwang, Seoul's news outlets cited a Korean government official and other sources in both Korea and the U.S., claiming that Schatten had met with
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第10题
Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out？ Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn' t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs," says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "
Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.
For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.
Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______.
A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers
B．the demand of flue vaccines is high this year
C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production
D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up
第11题
The wonders which medical workers have already brought
up in the diagnosis and treatment of disease suggest that a time 【M1】______
may come the physician will be able to analyze most illnesses as 【M2】______
soon as they start, and cure them before damage results. How
soon this "golden age of healing" arrive will depend greatly on 【M3】______
how close is the collaboration between research workers in
medicine and those who work in the sciences which medicine 【M4】______
depends. The physician has long relied on the chemist for
curative drugs, and on the physicist for diagnostic instruments
and healing rays. In the one field new materials and in the other 【M5】______
new devices are being produced in increasing numbers, helps to
make imminent new miracles of medicine. 【M6】______
The X-ray and the microscope has extended the vision of
the medical observer until he can see through ten inches of
living flesh or into a single tissue cell, yet similar but much 【M7】______
more powerful tools still wait development. Modem electrical
devices enable him to listen to faint murmurings of the life 【M8】______
processes, or measure feeble currents arising from heart and 【M9】______
brain and nerve; so electrical body measurements are but little 【M10】______
understood. Now new discovered atomic rays are being brought
to help him destroy malignant invaders of the human system,
and there is every reason to believe that even more curative rays
await discovery.
【M1】
