Most people are half optimists and half pessimists.A．YB．NC．NG

A.Half

B.Most

C.Some

nd 20____________.(平均每年外出旅游3次).

听力原文： There have been many great inventions, things that change the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today--the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances.

For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life better.

In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.

The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives, By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.

By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man, but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.

(23)

A．In the second half of the 19th century.

B．In the 1960s.

C．In the first half of the 20th century.

D．In the early 1800s.

able TV and the Internet, Earth's creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle, simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don't need less sleep as they age. ) But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What's worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that's not nearly enough.

Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be 'a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually sleep disorders. "Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep," Jones says.

Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. "My motto is' sleep defensively', says Mary Carskadon of Brow University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep continues-like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day -- are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle. changes-- avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath-- yield better sleep.

What is TRUE of human sleep？

A．Most people need less sleep when they grow older.

B．Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every fight.

C．On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to.

D．For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.

听力原文： One of the most famous travelers in all of history was Marco Polo. At the age of 17, he left Italy with his father and uncle. It took them more than 3 years to cross the mountains and deserts of Asia. In the year 1275, they reached China. They stayed in China for almost 20 years, as guests of the emperor. He sent them on many trips around his empire. They found China far more advanced than Italy or any other countries in Europe.

After he returned to Italy, Marco Polo dictated many of his stories to a friend. His book, Description of the World, became the most popular book in Europe. People found it difficult to believe his stories of people, animals, places, and things. These are a few of his descriptions:

In one area of China, there were black stones. People dug them out of the mountains. They lit the black stones and they burned very slowly, giving off heat. The people used these stones to cook and to heat their homes.

In China there was a great system of highways. These highways had two lanes paved with stones or bricks. Men planted trees every ten feet to keep the sun off travelers' heads.

Most people believed Marco Polo' s stories. But others told him that they did not believe his descriptions. He answered that he did not tell half of what he saw.

Marco Polo came to China

A．alone.

B．with two friends.

C．with his brothers.

D．with his father and uncle.

the devices may be causing hearing loss in my people. Some experts say people may be playing them too loud and for too long.

Researchers from Zogby International did a study for the American Speech-Langusge-Hearing Association. It involved 300 high school students and 1,000 adults. They were asked about their use of portable music devices. Some of the most popular are Apple Computer's iPud, C.D. players and portable laptop computers. 40 percent of students and adults said they set the sound levels, or volume, at high on their iPods. But students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume. More than half of the students said they would probably not limit their listening time. And about a third said they were not likely to reduce the volume.

The study found that more than half of the students and less than 40 percent of the adults had at least one kind of hearing loss. Heating experts say part of the problem is the listening equipment people are using. They say large earphones that cover the whole ear are probably safer than the smaller earplugs that come with most music players. Earplugs are thought to be less effective than earphones in blocking out foreign noises.

Hearing loss may not be apparent for years. But once it happens, it is permanent. About 30 million Americans have some hearing loss. One third of them lost their heating as a result of loud noises.

How can listening equipment cause hearing loss in people？

(33)

A．People may use portable laptop computers to listen to music.

B．People may set them at high volume when they listen to music.

C．People may listen to music while walking on the street.

D．People may use large earphone when they listen to music.

ments" says a significant change took place last year. The report【C1】______this week from U. N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.

A century ago,【C2】______than five percent of all people lived in cities.【C3】______the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or【C4】______six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in【C5】______countries live in cities. Now most urban population【C6】______is in the developing world.

Urbanization can【C7】______to social and economic progress, but also put【C8】______on cities to provide housing and【C9】______. The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move【C10】______cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities,【C11】______by social divisions and differences in【C12】______, could result in violence and crime【C13】______cities

plan better.

Another issue is urban sprawl(无序扩展的城区). This is where cities【C14】______quickly into rural areas, sometimes【C15】______a much faster rate than urban population growth.

Sprawl is【C16】______in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the【C17】______cities to smaller ones. He sees a【C18】______toward "de-urbanization" across the nation.

【C19】______urban economies still provide many【C20】______that rural areas do not.

【C1】

A．came on

B．came off

C．came over

D．came out

听力原文： About 45 percent of urban citizens have trouble sleeping, according to a report released at China's first clinical training class for sleep disorders.

Based on statistics released by Doctor Pan Jiyang from the Sleep Centre of the China Medical Association in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong, the global incidence of insomnia is 25 percent. But in China's six largest cities, where competition for jobs is most intense, a random questioning of 10,000 people showed almost half have suffered from differing degrees of insomnia in the past year. Most patients do not consider the problem to be too serious, with only 5 percent saying they would consult a doctor. Among the patients treated at the Sleep Clinic in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, white collar workers and students account for the largest proportion, with successful people of high social status and considerable income being particularly affected.

(23)

A．25 percent.

B．5 percent.

C．45 percent.

D．10 percent.

听力原文： Christmas is America's most popular holiday. Some people attend church and observe Christmas as the birthday of Christ. For others Christmas is just a day of fun and celebration, a time for family and friends to get together, exchange gifts and enjoy a huge holiday dinner. During the last days of November American homes and stores begin to be decorated with Christmas trees and bright lights. Schools and churches prepare special holiday concerts. People go to parties, buy fine gifts and prepare special Christmas food.

Some people criticize Christmas. They say it is not religious enough. They say the holiday has become such big business that Americans forget it was created to honor the birth of Christ. It is true that people spend a lot of money during the holiday season. Store owners expect to get from 60 to 70 percent of their yearly earnings during the month before Christmas.

Defenders of Christmas, however, point out that Americans also do many special things to help each other at Christmas time. One international organization assists more than two and one half million people in the United States each Christmas. The organization gives out toys, warm clothing, food and many other kinds of aid.

(30)

A．At the end of November.

B．In the middle of November.

C．At the beginning of December.

D．In the middle of December..

wear special clothes for dinner,so if you are asked out to dinner you must find out whether you are expected to wear a dinner suit,for you would feel very upset if,when you get there,you were the only person in ordinary clothes.Dinner is generally served at about half past seven.All the members of the family sit down together and eat on their best behavior.The head of the family sits at one end of the table,his wife sits at the other end.If there is a guest,he generally sits in the place of honor,which is at the fight of the lady of the house.If there are several guests,the most important is asked to sit there.When the meal conversation is carried on,you should try to get in conversation with the person on your right or left,but you should not try to talk to someone who is a long way from you.