There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophershave said in the past. One is

There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers

have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the

history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is 【M1】 ______

large discussion about matters on which few people are quite 【M2】 ______

certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge

increases, philosophy bud off the sciences. 【M3】 ______

For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages 【M4】 ______

philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. Thomas

Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force 【M5】______

were constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on moving

unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on

their side, and if we study these, and the experiments

which proved them fight this will help us to distinguish troth 【M6】 ______

from false in the scientific controversies of today. 【M7】 ______

We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 【M8】 ______

life of his day. Plato and Aristotle, in the slaveowning society

of ancient Greece, thought man's highest state was contemplation

rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas

believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 【M9】 ______

Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists,

found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 【M10】 ______

Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for

the workers, the only class with a future.

【M1】