Less commonly, they make mistakes with tragic （consequences).（)

What possible difference is suggested between a church and a civil wedding？

A．Civil weddings are less commonly followed by a reception.

B．It is less usual for guests to attend the civil wedding formalities.

C．Guests at civil weddings are less formally dressed.

D．There could be less attention paid at the latter to convention and picturesque effect.

e and pressure commonly found【C2】______of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and【C3】______it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but【C4】______to diffuse throughout the space available; it must【C5】______be kept in a closed container, as【C6】______a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a【C7】______feature of early theories【C8】______the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are【C9】______different kinds of molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing【C10】______a quite different approach by emphasizing.【C11】______liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both【C12】______easily. They are fluids.

The【C13】______similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.【C14】______a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or【C15】______, becomes less dense; some of it evaporates.【C16】______, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are【C17】______it. The combination of temperature and pressure【C18】______the densities become equal is【C19】______the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be【C20】______; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform. density.

【C1】

A．in

B．on

C．under

D．beyond

A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal 【21】______ an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his 【22】______ and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, divide up the best territory in the order of "first come, first 【23】______ " The late arrivals may acquire 【24】______ territories, but less food is 【25】______ , or they are too close to the 【26】______ of the enemies of the species.

When there is conflict over territory, animals will commonly use force, or a 【27】______ of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use only the 【28】______ amount of force necessary to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the 【29】______ of those animals which are capable of doing each other harm, there is a 【30】______ for the losing animal to show the 【31】______ animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the 【32】______ normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have no 【33】______ against killing, and equally no 【34】______ for 【35】______ . The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves age 【36】______ in a cage, and they start fighting, they will 【37】______ to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove 【38】______ a 【39】______ of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the "peace" mechanism does not 【40】______ in a cage.

【21】

A．establishes

B．builds

C．founds

D．erects

Questionsare based on the following passage．

Workers with skills in science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） are among the mmost in demand and highest paid．They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth， who will help shape the future．And most of them are men．Nadya Fouad， a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee， and her colleagues surveyed more than 5，000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades．They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place．For more than two decades， women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees．Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women．For the most part， Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates， the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office， and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance．Of the women who left the field less than five years ago， two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields——72 percent became either managers or executives．One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn"t settle work-life conflicts．

It is not about making the women more confident or anything．It"s really about the climate in the workplace， Fouad said．Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don"t have superior support．They don"t have training and development opportunities．And their colleagues are not civil to them， look down upon them， or talk behind their backs．The fmdings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don"t go into or don"t stay in STEM fields．The previous studies tend

to explain that women aren"t "naturally" smart enough， and that these are careers for men．Furthermore， Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment．The problem should be recognized that women aren"t leaving just because they want to spend time with their children．They"re leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance．The company， starting from the managers， is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women"s development and advance．

It is commonly believed that STEM workers__________． 查看材料

A.receive less salary compared with their skills

B.are helpful to promote economic development

C.are more than in demand

D.resolve driving problems

Despite a cooling of the economy, high-technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800, 000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers poses a huge threat to the U. S. economy.

The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the country's agrarian-age (农村时代) education system fails to prepare students in the primary and secondary grades for the 21st century work. Yet an inadequate and outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible (明确的) but equally powerful cause is an antique (过时的) classification system that divides the workforce into two camps; white-collar knowledge workers and blue-collar manual laborers.

Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work moved from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in the twentieth century, outnumbering(多于) the blue-collar workers by mid-century. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge worker; a highly skilled multi-disciplined talent, who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with a solid grounding in mathematics and science (physics, chemistry, and biology). These "gold-collar" workers—so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy as well as for their personal earning ability—apply their knowledge to technology.

The gold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs. The maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at Procter & Gamble(宝洁公司) ; the engineering technologist who assists scientists at Sandia National Laboratories; and the advanced-manufacturing technician at Intel can all be regarded as gold-collar workers.

What does the word "projects" in the first paragraph mean？

A．Throws

B．Predicts

C．Concludes

D．Claims

Automobiles VS Public Transport

Public transport plays a central role in any efficient urban transport system in developing countries, where at least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people each by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.

The term "public transport" covers many different types of vehicles, but most commonly refers to buses and trains. Rail services fall into four major categories: rapid rail (also called the underground, tube, metro, or subway), which operates on exclusive rights-of-way (优先行驶权) in tunnels or on elevated tracks; trams, which move with other traffic on regular streets; light rail, which is a quieter, more modern version of trams that can run either on exclusive rights-of-way or with other traffic: and suburban or regional trains, which connect a city with surrounding areas.

The recent trend in many cities is toward light rail over "heavy" rapid-rail systems. Whereas metros require exclusive rights-of-way, which often means building costly elevated or underground lines and stations, light rail can be built on regular city streets.

The concept of public transport also includes organized car pools, in which several people share the cost of riding together in the same private automobile. For US commuters in areas with inadequate bus and train services, this is the only "public" transport option. But even where other systems are comprehensive, there is vast potential for car pooling; recent research shows that in cities the world over, private cars during commuting hours on average carry just 1.2 1.3 persons per vehicle.

Public transport modes vary in fuel use and emissions and in the space they require, but if carrying reasonable numbers of passengers, they all perform. better than single-occupant private cars on each of these counts.

Although energy requirements vary according to the size and design of the vehicle and how many people are on board, buses and trains require far less fuel per passenger for each kilometer of travel. In the United States, for example, a light-rail vehicle needs an estimated 640 BTUs (British Thermal Units, measure of energy consumed) of energy per passenger per kilometer; a city bus would use some 690 BTUs per passenger-kilometer; and a car pool with four occupants 1,140 BTUs. A single-occupant automobile, by contrast, consumes nearly 4,580 BTUs per passenger-kilometer.

The pollution savings from public transport are even more dramatic. Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust, but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious. For typical U.S. commuter routes, rapid rail emits 30 grams of nitrogen oxides for every 100 kilometers each rail passenger travels, compared with 43 grams for light rail, 95 grams for transit buses, and 128 grams for single-occupant automobiles. Public transport's potential for reducing hydrocarbon (碳氢化合物)and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳)emissions is even greater.

Although diesel buses—especially in developing countries—can be heavy polluters, existing technologies, such as filters, can control their exhaust. Buses can also run on less polluting fuels such as propane (丙烷, used in parts of Europe) and natural gas (used in Brazil and China). Test buses in the Netherlands that run on natural gas are estimated to emit 90 percent less nitrogen oxide and 25 percent less carbon monoxide than diesel engines do.

In addition to reducing fuel consumption and pollution, public transport saves valuable city space. Buses and trains carry more people in each vehicle and, if they operate on their own rights-of-way, can safely run at much higher speeds. In other words, they not only take up less space but also occupy it for

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Questions are based on the following passage.

Despite a cooling of the economy， high technology companies are still crying out for

skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that morethan 800，000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers pos-es a huge threat to the US economy.

The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the country"s agrarian-age education system， separated from the needs of the business world， fails to prepare stu-dents in the primary and secondary grades for twenty-first-century work. Yet an inadequateand outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible but equallypowerful cause is an antique classification system that divides the workforce into twocamps: white-collar knowledge workers and blue-collar manual labourers.

Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work mi-grated from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in thetwentieth century， outnumbering their blue-collar brethren by mid-century. But the whiteor blue paradigm has clearly outlived its utility. Corporations increasingly require a newlayer of knowledge worker: a highly skilled multi-disciplinarian who combines the mindof the white-collar worker with the hands of the blue-collar employee. Armed with a solidgrounding in mathematics and science （physics， chemistry， and biology）， these "gold-collar"workers —— so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy， as wellas for their personal earning ability —— apply that knowledge to technology. Of course， thegold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs across a wide range of businesses:think of the maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Air-lines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at P&G; theadvanced-manufacturing technician at Intel.

But until American business recognises these people as a new class of worker， onewhose collar is neither blue nor white， demands that schools do a better job of preparingemployees for the twenty-first-century workforce will be futile.

What effects may the insufficiency of qualified workers have， according to the passage？ 查看材料

A.It decreases the costs of high technology companies.

B.It emphasises the importance of unfilled jobs.

C.It hinders the development of the US economy.

D.It accelerates the collapse of the old education system.

A.通常地

B.正常的

C.不寻常的