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Millions of Americans survive （生产) in low-paying jobs. The Working Poor （319 pages), by

Millions of Americans survive (生产) in low-paying jobs. The Working Poor (319 pages), by David Shipler, a Pulitzer-winning former reporter, shows just how barely they get by.

In his tour around the world of low-paying jobs, Shipler describes a kind of domino model of a downward cycle." Poor housing can worsen a child's illness, which leads to a call for a doctor, which results in a medical bill that cannot by paid, which ruins a credit record, which raises the interest rate on an auto loan (贷款), which results in the buying of a used car, which causes a mother to be late for work, which limits her pay raise and earning ability, which keeps her to poor housing, which worsens the illness, and so on."

What Shipler aims to do in the book is to produce a picture of all of those dominoes at once, the problems that keep the working poor on the edge of household disaster (灾难). As the conditions for the lowest-paid workers keep worsening, he writes," the low-paid employees have been testing the American belief in hard work."

To those who don't quite make it from paycheck to paycheck, convenience stores in poor neighborhoods lend money at interest rates of about of 20% for a two-week loan. If that can't be repaid, it's gladly rolled over—for another 20%. In the space of a few months, he or she owes twice as much in interest as he borrowed.

Shipler doesn't place all the blame on society. The people he meets often lack the soft skills that employers require, like showing up on time, following directions, even knowing how to comb their hair. To be sure, they need better schools and medical care, but they also need to know better than to use their hard-earned checks to get drunk and disorderly, or go in for ill-advised sex and foolish spending.

The main purpose of this text is to ______.

A．show how the poor can improve their living conditions

B．discuss the reasons why many Americans are poor

C．introduce David Shipler' s book about the poor

D．describe how a reporter has become a writer

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发布时间：2020-09-06

更多“Millions of Americans survive （生产) in low-paying jobs. The Working Poor （319 pages), by”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：Millions of words have been written about young people in the United States.There

听力原文： Millions of words have been written about young people in the United States. There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth.

[32]Today there are about seven million Americans in colleges and universities. [33]Young persons under twenty-five make up nearly half of the American population. [34]Many of these will soon be in charge of the nation. Naturally their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and it is necessary for older people to understand what they think and feel.

College students today have strong opinions about right and wrong. [35]They are deeply interested in making a better life for all people, especially for those who have not been given a fair chance before now. They see much that is wrong in the lives of their parents. It is hard for them to see what is right and good in the older way. As a result, there is often trouble in American families. Your country may be meeting such problems, too.

(33)

A．About seven million.

B．Nearly half of the American population.

C．25% of American people.

D．We don't know exactly from the passage.

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第2题

By the time he was given the Nobel Prize, ______.A．he had published all of the important w

By the time he was given the Nobel Prize, ______.

A．he had published all of the important works

B．he had already used the name "Faulkner"

C．his life story had been known clearly by millions of his readers

D．he had already been generally regarded as a great American writer

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第3题

听力原文：To help the people who are suffering from AIDS with drugs may need a lot of money

听力原文： To help the people who are suffering from AIDS with drugs may need a lot of money. In Africa it may cost more than one person earns in one year. (30)However, some American hospitals throw away a lot of drugs every day. This made one man start to help the sick people in Africa.

The man is Lee Wildes. He lives in a small apartment in San Francisco. Five years ago he learned that he was sick with HIV. He took a vacation to Africa where he saw many people also had AIDS. (31)Lee was a nurse and he knows that the drugs worth of millions of dollars are thrown away by hospitals in the United States. So, when he came back, he began to collect drugs and send these drugs to Africa. Lee gets emails from people in Africa asking for AIDS drugs. He collects pills that are not needed from American hospitals and also from those who died from AIDS. He has sent pills for a hundred people in six African countries. Every year he travels to Africa to work with sick people and tries his best to help them.

(32)Giving left over drugs away is against the American law. Though he gives out drugs without a license, it is not likely he'll be taken to court for his kindly effort. There are now 25 million Africans sick with AIDS. Lee helps only 100 people, but it seems a great success for him.

(31)

A．He wants to make millions of dollars from doing so,

B．He believes the pills can help save patients there.

C．The thrown away pills were piling up in American hospitals.

D．He has established his own clinics on the African continent.

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第4题

Every weekend from September through January, football seems to be the most important even

t in the lives of millions of Americans. Thousands of people【C1】______to stadiums all over the country to【C2】______football games; even【C3】______fans watch the games on the television or listen to broadcasts on the radio. American football is different from the game that is【C4】______as football in most of the rest of the world. International football is called soccer in the United States,【C5】______it is a comparatively new game. It is beginning to become popular,【C6】______it doesnt attract crowds nearly as big as【C7】______that attend games of American football. Soccer games are shown on Television only【C8】______in a while, usually【C9】______a famous player in taking part. American football games are played by both amateurs, who dont get paid, and by【C10】______, who do. Almost【C11】______high school and university in the country has an amateur football team. In addition, there are professional teams in most of the larger cities. Besides football, the most【C12】______games in the United States are baseball and basketball. All of these【C13】______are spectator sports that is only a few people actually take part in them【C14】______many more(into the millions, in fact)only watch【C15】______. Participant sports are not usually as organized as spectator sports ; they include【C16】______activities【C17】______swimming, tennis and golf. Spectator sports give average people the【C18】______to identify with athletes who seem a little larger than life. Football players in the United States and soccer players in other【C19】______have become popular heroes. Football also gives people the opportunity to become a【C20】______of a community to cheer for New York over Chicago, or for San Paulo over Rio de Janeiro.

【C1】

A．travel

B．visit

C．go

D．walk

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第5题

In its various forms from fiction to documentary, the motion picture has become a signific

ant element of contemporary culture. It is an art form. which【C1】______millions of people from all social classes. Movies have influenced current standards of beauty and have set dress fashions. They have【C2】______national myths. The American Western【C3】______in films, for example, is not really the frontier of historical fact. Movies have shown viewers other countries and broadened their【C4】______of different life-styles. But movies have also kept【C5】______stereotypes and prejudices. Some critics have【C6】______recent films of encouraging violence in American society. Others suggest that【C7】______violence in films helps antisocial viewers to safely rid themselves of aggressive feelings.

Interest【C8】______the relationship of films to American culture is as old as the interest in film【C9】______But interest in other【C10】______of film scholarship is more recent. During the 1960s, there was an【C11】______growth in the number and types of film classes offered in American colleges and universities. In other schools, students concentrate on learning【C12】______to make films. In many other schools, classes【C13】______with the history of film as an art form. and【C14】______the study, of film theory, and criticism. Film is【C15】______studied in more general courses in the humanities. Scholars now analyze the work of important directors. They examine the structures and conventions which create film groups or genres(流派)【C16】______the western and gangster(匪徒)films. Film study has become a【C17】______academic discipline.

Competing【C18】______television since the early 1950s, the American film industry has changed dramatically. So have films themselves. But whatever changes are brought【C19】______, motion pictures will always【C20】______an important American art form. and a significant cultural force.

【C1】

A．arrives

B．reaches

C．arouses

D．researches

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第6题

听力原文：W: The Americans came from America. That's easy, isn't it？M: I'm sorry to say you

听力原文：W: The Americans came from America. That's easy, isn't it？

M: I'm sorry to say you are wrong! The Americans came from almost every part of the world. That's to say, mare than 230 million people now call America home, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. That's why America has long been known as a "melting pot". It is believed that the first to arrive were the American Indians. They came titan Asia in very ancient times, more than 10,000 years ago. There used to be millions of them, but today they only number about 850,000. Half of them live on special land of their own in 31 states, while the others have "melted" in with the rest of America's 230 million people.

W: Do the American Indians have anything to do with the Indians of India？

M: No, nothing. As a matter of fact, the American Indiana came from Siberia.

W: Then, why do people call them Indians？

M: Because when Christopher Columbus made his historic voyage in 1492, he expected to reach India. So he called the people of the New World "Indians" and Indian is the name that has remained till now.

(26)

A．Because Americans love melting pot.

B．Because Americans came from almost every part of the world.

C．Because America is famous for melting pot.

D．Because America contains a large number of people.

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第7题

C Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment（娱乐) for millions of Americans. The

C

Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment(娱乐) for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than eir own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they

have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic and beautiful than in real life.

The biggest "dream factories" are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroeswho do things the average person would like to do but often can ' t. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the "good guys" win in the movies.

65. The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want

[ A] to enjoy a good story

[ B ] to experience an exciting life

[ C] to see the actors and actresses

[ D] to escape their daily life

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第8题

听力原文：A man who tells a story does not always try to base it on facts. He may not belie

听力原文： A man who tells a story does not always try to base it on facts. He may not believe that facts are necessary in a stow. He may want to make people laugh or make them cry; he may even want to make them think.

A good story is often told in many different languages. It may live through many centuries, and millions of people may enjoy telling it or listening to it. It is not the facts of a story which make it live. The value or a story does not come from its facts, but from human interest or the way it is told.

An English novelist wrote a new book, and a month after it was published his publisher told him that 1,000 copies had already been sold. That evening the novelist had a meal with his publisher and an American friend. They talked about the new book, and the novelist told the American that 10,000 copies had been sold. Later the publisher asked him why he had not told the exact number. "To an American," said the novelist, "a thousand is nothing. I multiplied the number by ten to give him a true idea of success of the book." This novelist was famous not for his accuracy but for his novels; he knew how to tell stories. His best novel will probably live for a long time.

(33)

A．He may want to make people believe the facts.

B．He may want to make people doubt the facts.

C．He may want to make people feel happy or sad, or think.

D．All of the above.

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第9题

For Americans, time is a "resource" that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorl

For Americans, time is a "resource" that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorly."Time is money," they say."You only get so much time in this life; you'd best use it wisely." The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time for constructive, future-oriented activities.Thus, Americans admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them.The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people's time.

The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans.They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them, not something they can "use".One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.

In their efforts to use their time wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life."They are like little machines running around," one foreign visitor said.

The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future, change and time.To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources.American businesses sometimes hire "efficiency experts" to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing.Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house, raise children, tend the yard, and so on.

In this context the "fast-food industry" can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product.McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals.The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends, as millions of Europeans do.As McDonald's restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.The typical American food, some observers argue, is fast food.

1.If a person treasures other people's time, he （）.

A.does not waste people's time with conversation or activity that has no beneficial outcome

B.does not believe the future will be any better than the present or the past

C.likes to deep a written schedule of the daily activities with him

D.likes to have his meals at the fast-food restaurants to save time

2.In the eyes of the foreign visitors in the States, American people（）.

A.think that time is always there which needs budgeting

B.enjoy saving and using time wisely everyday

C.are indifferent in that they are like feelingless machines

D.are so fully engaged that they are unable to enjoy the important things in life

3.What is the job of an efficiency expert？

A.Writing articles for periodicals.

B.Recommending ways of efficient investment

C.Examining the quality of a company's products

D.Teaching people how to take care of their yard

4.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A.Many Americans love having meals at fast-food restaurants

B.Americans are busier than other people in the world

C.The American fast-food industry helps spread the American culture around the world

D.The United States is the father of the world's fast-food industry

5.The best title for this passage is（）.

A.The American Concept of Time

B.The Development of the American Fast Food Industry

C.How to Raise Efficiency

D.The American Food and Culture

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第10题

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received more money from the treasury and paid back less.

Now match the statements (1 -7) to the leUer (A , B , C or D).

1. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received more money from the treasury and paid back less.()

2. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac misused the government' s support and lost more than $ 30 billion.()

3. The purpose for the government to create Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was to increase the availability of loans.()

4. Fannie Mae expected the battered American housing market to recover from the worst.()

5. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were taken over by the US government in 2008.()

6. The two mortgage giants might be required to pay the government back in the future.()

7. Fannie Mae reported quarterly net income of $ 2.7 billion.()

A

The Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) is the nation' s largest mortgage buyer and a financial juggernaut that affects the lives of tens of millions of home buyers. lt was taken over by the federal government on September 8 , 2008 , along with Freddie Mac , as the two mortgage giants struggled with deep losses and investors lost confidence in the pair.

B

The federal government created Fannie and Freddie to increase the availability of loans. Largely because of investors' belief in an implicit government guarantee , these so-called government sponsored entities were able to lower the cost of millions of mortgages. But during the housing boom , they misused the government' s support to enrich shareholders and executives by backing millions of shoddy loans. Fannie and Freddie lost more than $ 30 billion , in part as a result of the deals , losses that were borne mostly by taxpayers.

C

1n May 2012 , Fannie Mae announced that it made a profit in the first quarter and that it did not need additional bailout money-a first since the federal government took it over in fall 2008. The company reported quarterly net income of $ 2. 7 billion, up from a $ 6.5 billion loss in the first quarter of 2011.

A slowdown in the decline of home prices and in the number of homes entering serious delinquency allowed the company to eke out a profit after paying its dividend to the Treasury. Fannie Mae also said 10sses on its portfolio of home mortgages had probably peaked and that it expected better profits in the future , a sign that the worst might be over for the battered American housing market.

D

Fannie received about $ 116 bi1lion from the Treasury over the previous three and a half years and paid back about $ 23 billion in dividends. Its brother institution, Freddie Mac, received about $ 72 billion and paid back about $ 18 billion.

On Aug. 17 , 2012 , the Treasury Department announced it was changing the terms of its bailout agreement with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in a way that will shrink the holdings of the two mortgage giants more quickly and will require payment to the government of all quarterly profits the companies earn.

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第11题

听力原文：Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment for millions of Americans. The

听力原文： Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they've heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theatre, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is very real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to he more romantic and beautiful than in real life. The biggest "dream factories" are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world.

American movies are popular because they tell interesting stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can't. People have to cope with many problems and frustrations in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the "good guys" win in the movies.

(20)

A．To enjoy a good story.

B．To see the actors and actresses.

C．To experience an exciting life.

D．To escape their everyday life.

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