After the disaster, his hope for the future was totally__.

According to the passage, a fire storm______.

A．is often seen when large forest fires break out.

B．often occurs after the atomic explosions

C．produces forces that draw everything into the fire

D．is a disaster that can destroy everything in the area

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A.She was believed to be the last survivor after the big ship sank.

B.She was reported to die at her own home in England on Sunday.

C.She was the youngest passenger on board when the disaster happened.

D.She was taking a journey with her family when the liner hit an iceberg.

List as many examples of these constituents as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b) below: NP, PP, VP. List as many examples of these lexical categories as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b): N, prep, V. a. A Guns "N" Roses concert at an arena near ST. Louis ended in disaster after some 2500 fans staged a full-fledged riot. b. The trouble started when Axl Rose asked venue security to confiscate a camera he saw near the front of the stage.

听力原文： In the city's historic French Quarter and the Garden District, where flooding was less severe, the recovery is already underway.

But in some of the poorest areas, the prospects for recovery are less obvious.

Anna Firstley's house is unsafe, but she's angrier that she wasn't allowed to see what was left of it for three months.

Even worse, says Doreen Keeler, another survivor of the heavy storm, is that 100 days after the disaster, many who lost homes are still not getting the help they need.

People are in the same position as they were three months ago. They need answers. They need help.

U.S. lawmakers investigating what went wrong before, during, and after the heavy storm, heard one frustrating story after another from survivors who say the federal government forgot about the citizens of New Orleans.

Jane Hedges suggested racial prejudice had a hand in the government's response.

As she said: "The military, which has the great capability in moving entire cities, failed to move in and move out the people, the way dogs and fish had been moved out.And people were left to die, mostly poor, mostly people of color."

(30)

A．Relatively rich areas.

B．Isolated areas.

C．The poorest areas.

D．Unexplored areas.

听力原文： "Damage is expected to total into the tens of millions of dollars after several days of flooding in south central Alaska. But it's believed no one has been hurt." Tim Wolston, of member station KSKA in Anchorage reports. "As many as fifteen homes have been destroyed and hundreds more damaged (33)in the town of Seward, southeast of Anchorage. The main road leading into Seward has been washed away cutting off the town from outside. Mayor Harry Giesler says hundreds have been evacuated; others prefer to wait it out. 'You know, Alaskans are a very hearty bunch, and especially people that have things like dog teams and animals. They are very, very reluctant to leave their home as long as it's even there.' (34)Rain is forecast to continue for at least another day in Seward. Meanwhile, north of Anchorage, two bridges have been washed away, (35)and the Alaska Railroad, a major form. of transportation between Anchorage and Fairbanks has been cut off, making it very difficult for residents in interior Alaska to get to five. The governor has issued disaster declarations to free up state fund for emergency relief. The state is hoping for federal assistance as well. For National Public Radio, this is Tim Wolston in Anchorage, Alaska."

(34)

A．Southeast of Anchorage.

B．South of Anchorage.

C．Southwest of Anchorage.

D．East of Anchorage.

days of flooding in south central Alaska. But it's believed no one has been hurt." Tim Wolston, of member station KSKA in Anchorage reports. "As many as fifteen homes have been destroyed and hundreds more damaged in the town of .Seward, .southeast of Anchorage. The main road leading into Seward has been washed away cutting off the town from outside. Mayor Harry Giesler says hundreds have been evacuated; others prefer to wait it out. 'You know, Alaskans are a very hearty bunch, and especially people that have things like dog teams and animals. They are very, very reluctant to leave their home as long as it's even there.' Rain is forecast to continue for at least another day in Seward. Meanwhile, north of Anchorage, two bridges have been washed away, and the Alaska Railroad, a major form. of transportation between Anchorage and Fairbanks has been cut off, making it very difficult for residents in interior Alaska to get to five. The governor has issued disaster declarations to free up state fund for emergency relief. The state is hoping for federal assistance as well. For National Public Radio, this is Tim Wolston in Anchorage, Alaska."

(30)

A．Southeast of Anchorage.

B．South of Anchorage.

C．Southwest of Anchorage.

D．East of Anchorage.

ty blanket of carbon dioxide gas flowed through the valleys that run down from Lake Nyos in northwest Cameroon(喀麦隆). Hugging the ground, and smothered(窒息) more than 1,700 people, many as they slept.

The region surrounding Lake Nyos is volcanic, and so sulphurous(硫磺的) volcanic gases were initially suspected as the cause of the disaster. But subsequent investigation by teams of scientists dispatched to the remote highland lake suggested that as much as 80 million cubic metres of CO2 formerly held in solution in the lake's depths, has been released explosively at its surface, such an event, called a limnic(湖泊的) eruption, had been recorded only once before-at nearby Lake Manoun, 35 kilometers from Lake Nyos. That eruption, which killed 37 people in 1984, was kept secret at first, as the Cameroonian authorities had suspected terrorist involvement.

Expeditions to Lake Nyos since the 1986 disaster have allowed researchers to unravel(拆开) the geological process that underlie the lake's lethal tendencies. Armed with this information, a small group of scientists and engineers-funded to the tune of $450,000 by the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, with additional help from the French and Cameroonian governments arrived in the area in January to attempt to 'degas' the lake, and so prevent it killing again. The plan is simple—the limited budget and the lack of decent roads into the region mean it has to be. The team will lower a length of high-density polyethylene pipe deep into the lake and pipe CO2 rich water towards the surface, where the gas can bubble out on a controlled way.

Most experts agree that degassing the lake is a good idea. But some say there is a small chance that the effort could trigger another limnic eruption and lives at risk. Although villagers surrounding Lake Nyos have been evacuated(撤退) to avoid a repeat of the 1986 catastrophe, farmers and their livestock still venture into the area, lured by its lush pastures.

Why was the death regarded silent？

A．Because it's quiet after an explosion.

B．Because the people were killed outright.

C．Because when it came, the victims were in sleep.

D．Because it happened suddenly.

runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed "Disaster!" Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted "green" advice and avoided great blots on the landscape. The speed-skating rink was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena is well concealed and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood, not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first "Green Games."

Lillehammer's opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with $7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.

Environmentalists have declared partial victory: though Coca-Cola's plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from biathlon targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won't be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I. O. C. claims that green awareness is now entrenched—along with sport and culture—as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.

Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiring host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the '88 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement？

Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the "green" issues？

A．Norway.

B．France.

C．America.

D．Australia.

inary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.

This people's encyclopedia' of the Web (a free site called Wikipedia) has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating web con- tent. At the heart of this movement are wikis, web sites that allow users to directly edit any web page with one click of the mouse.

Wikipedia (the largest example of these collaborative efforts) is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an "Edit this page" button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passersby, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site.

The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup bomis com, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection.

The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100, 000 articles. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And ac- cording to website rankings at alexa, com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as britannica, com and is one of the top 200 most heavily visited websites on the internet.

The author called Wikipedia people's encyclopedia because it______.

A．is accessible by all the passersby.

B．can be edited by everyone.

C．is run by ordinary people.

D．is built to the taste of common citizens.

ated by years of civil conflict and drought. The country's remaining forests me being bombed or burned in the search for terrorists, and refugees me clearing forests for fanning and fuel. Afghanistan's mountains— home to leopards (豹), bears, and Marco Polo sheep—were also at risk. Some refugees were reported to be hunting rare snow leopards to buy a safe passage across the border.

In Tasmania 77 Australian species, including some that had been eliminated on the mainland, were potentially at risk after foxes were introduced, perhaps deliberately by individuals who wanted new game. Wildlife managers were trying to devise ways of killing the foxes without harming native species. A threat to native freshwater species in the eastern U.S. was feared when northern snakehead fish—a species that can survive out of water for several days mid travel over land—were found in a pond in Maryland. A local man evidently had released two of these fish, and they were breeding. In September Maryland wild life officials sprayed poison into the pond where the snakeheads had been found.

On the Hawaiian island, an attempt to bring together a pair of the world's rarest birds failed in May when the female bird, after being transferred to the territory of the only male, flew back to her own home range without encountering the male. There were only three surviving birds of this kind.

Besides the upsetting stories, some good news may make people relieved. Efforts to save the kakapo—New Zealand's giant ground-nesting parrot, met with more success. The last surviving birds, brought together on one island, produced 24 chicks, more than in the whole of the previous two decades. This brought the world total to 86 kakapo, compared with 50 in 1995.

Obviously, the burden is heavy and the mad is long, so both the government and the public should pull together and fight for a more colorful and diverse world.

What is the best title for this passage？

A．Struggling for the Wild Animal Conservation.

B．How to Protect Animals？

C．Success and Failure in Environmental Protection.

D．Human Being and Nature.