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听力原文：In a scientific context, the word "chaos" bas a slightly different meaning than i

听力原文： In a scientific context, the word "chaos" bas a slightly different meaning than it docs in its general usage as a state of confusion, lacking any order. Chaos, with reference to chaos theory, refers to an apparent lack of order in a system that nevertheless obeys particular laws or rules. The two main components of chaos theory are the ideas that systems—no matter how complex they may be—rely upon an underlying order, and that very simple or small systems and events can cause very complex behaviors or events.

The Earth's atmosphere is a chaotic system with regularly occurring weather phenomena like wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms and less common events(natural disasters) like tornadoes, hurricanes and ice storms, so small changes to one part can have large effects elsewhere. This makes it very difficult to accurately predict weather changes more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, Meteorology.

Chaos theory says that the slightest variation in the motion of the air will grow with time. This idea is sometimes called the butterfly effect, from the idea that the motions caused by the flapping wings of a butterfly eventually could produce marked changes in the state of the atmosphere. Because of this sensitivity to small changes it will never be possible to forecast perfectly, although there still is potential for vast improvement.

(33)

A．A state of confusion, lacking any order.

B．Chaos theory.

C．An apparent lack of order in a system.

D．Obeys particular laws or rules.

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发布时间：2021-12-02

更多“听力原文：In a scientific context, the word "chaos" bas a slightly different meaning than i”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have

听力原文： Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that sign languages are unique--a speech of the hands. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: Whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.

When Bill Stoke went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. He had been taught a sort of gesture code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English, At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form. of pidgin English. But Stoke believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language？ And could that language be unlike any other on earth？ Stoke devoted his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese.

(7)

A．Sign languages.

B．Natural languages.

C．Artificial languages.

D．Genuine languages.

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第2题

听力原文：The agricultural revolution in the 19th century involved two things: the inventio

听力原文： The agricultural revolution in the 19th century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe." said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being rich enough; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being rich enough." It was in the United States, therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.

At the opening of the century, with the exception of crude equipment, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs; by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow andspent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, were not interested in it, believing that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds row. Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana turned out the first steel plow.

(33)

A．The invention of machine that can save labor and the progress of scientific agriculture.

B．The invention of crude equipments and agricultural implements.

C．The advance of agriculture machinery and the iron plow.

D．The idea of a cast-iron plow and steel plow.

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第3题

听力原文：M: Did you know that astronauts have made commercial products in space？W: No, I w

听力原文：M: Did you know that astronauts have made commercial products in space？

W: No, I wasn't aware of that. What kind of products？

M: Tiny plastic beads with a little hole through it.

W: Tiny balls？ Do you mean to tell me that astronauts have nothing better to do than make jewelry beads in space？ It seems to me they could make more useful things out there.

M: Oh, but these little balls aren't for jewelry. They can be used for scientific purposes to conduct cancer research .

W: That sounds better, but why make such objects in space rather than on earth？

M: Because earth gravitational pull affects the beads. They produced on earth are distorted, not exactly tumid. The ones made in space are precisely round.

W: Sounds reasonable.

(23)

A．Astronauts' clothing.

B．Products made in space.

C．Costume jewelry.

D．Problems in manufacturing.

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第4题

听力原文：Antarctica is the fifth largest of the Earth's seven continents. It surrounds the

听力原文： Antarctica is the fifth largest of the Earth's seven continents. It surrounds the South Pole, the point at the southern end of the Earth's axis. Antarctica has no permanent human population because it is almost completely covered by ice. Antarctica is shaped somewhat like a comma, with a round body surrounding the South Pole and a tail curving toward South America. Antarctica lies 1,000 km (600 mls) from South America, its nearest neighbor; 4,000km(2,500 mls) from Africa; and 2,500 km (1,600 mls) from Australia. Antarctica's latitude and high elevations make it the coldest continent in the whole world.

Antarctica was first discovered in the early 19th century, and because of the extreme cold and the lack of native peoples, forests, land animals, and obvious natural resources, the continent remained largely neglected for decades. Scientific expeditions and seal hunters had explored only parts of its coasts by the end of the 19th century, while the interior remained unknown. Explorers first reached the South Pole in 1911, and the first permanent settlements—scientific stations—were established in the early 1940s. From that time the pace of exploration accelerated rapidly. Scientists continue to conduct research in Antarctica, and in recent years increasing numbers of tourists have visited Antarctica to appreciate the region's majestic scenery and wildlife.

(23)

A．North America.

B．South America.

C．Africa.

D．Australia.

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第5题

听力原文：In ancient societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. （

听力原文： In ancient societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. (Some people still rely on them.) It was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits. The witch doctor's job was to drive off those spirits. His technique involved a combination of three methods. The first method was religious. He chanted magic words and good luck charms. He thought these words and charms had the power over the evil spirits. Secondly, he fed the patient some mixtures. These mixtures were often filthy and disgusting, to make the evil spirits so uncomfortable that they would gladly run away.

The third method was to give the patient medicines prepared from certain plants and herbs. From our point of view, this was the only method that had any value. Modern scientific study has shown that some of these remedies had real usefulness in curing sickness or relieving pain.

(37)

A．Ill luck.

B．Evil spirits.

C．Filthy food.

D．Viruses.

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第6题

听力原文：Science fiction is one of the most popular books today. Hundreds of tides are pub

听力原文： Science fiction is one of the most popular books today. Hundreds of tides are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. Science fiction is not a fairly new development in literature, its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. Modern science fiction writers don't write a bout men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on science and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writer may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.

(33)

A．Science fiction is not a fairly new in literature.

B．Science fiction is very popular with people today.'

C．Science fiction only deals with terrible ideas.,

D．Many successful films are based on science fiction stories.

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第7题

听力原文：Yale University is a private university. It was founded in 1701 and is the third

听力原文： Yale University is a private university. It was founded in 1701 and is the third oldest university in the United States. Yale University was named in honor of a wealthy British, Elihu Yale, who had made a series of donations to the school. Yale's initial lessons emphasized classical studies.

Yale is highly selective in its admissions and is among the nation's most highly rated schools in terms of academic and social prestige. It includes Yale College for undergraduate, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and 10 professional schools.

Yale's Sheffield Scientific School, began in the 1850s, was one of the leading scientific and engineering centers in the nation until the 20th century. A graduate school of arts and sciences was organized in 1847. Schools of music, forestry, nursing, drama, management, and architecture were subsequently established. Women were first admitted to the graduate school in 1892, but the university did not become fully coeducational until 1969.

The Yale University Library, with more than 10.5 million volumes, is one of the largest in the United States. Yale's extensive art gallery, the first in an American college, was established in 1832 when John Trumbull donated a gallery to house his paintings of the American Revolution.

Yale's graduates have included U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald R. Ford, George Bush, and William J. (Bill) Clinton; political leader John C. Calhoun; and inventor Eli Whitney.

(31)

A．It is a private university.

B．It was founded in 1710.

C．It is the third oldest university in the United States.

D．It was named after a person.

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第8题

听力原文：More than sixty percent of all homes in the United States have at least one thing

听力原文： More than sixty percent of all homes in the United States have at least one thing in common: the people living in them keep one or more small animals as pets. These pet owners spend about ten billion dollars each year to buy, feed' and care for their animals. Why？ If you ask the owners, their answers probably would be emotional.

During the past ten years researchers have been attempting to find a more scientific answer. Much of the research on the ties between people and pets is being done at the University of Pennsylvania. Re searchers there have watched hundreds of people play with small animals. Some were very sick. Perhaps the most important observation was the physical effect the animals had on most of the people. The animals seemed to calm the people who touched and talked to them. The human's blood pressure actually dropped.

(30)

A．They keep one or more small animals at home as pets.

B．They kill animals from time to time.

C．They let animals run or fly away now and then.

D．They exchange their animals year in and year out.

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第9题

听力原文：The Human Genome Project, a great $ 3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the

听力原文： The Human Genome Project, a great $ 3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent complete. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life. But those communities and policy makers are also careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.

For the last few years, the genetic advances in the fast developing field of biotechnology have provided materials for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the population imagination.

While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research in the Untied States, which began in 1990, is "unlocking the code" of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with as yet terrible diseases, and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.

Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome; as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.

Why did the scientists work so hard at mapping the human genome？

A．Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.

B．Because the human genome's completion can help to get rid of many diseases.

C．Because they wanted to be better known than others.

D．Because the Human Genome Project can provide a lot of chances of work.

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