Research has shown that excessive noise damages people's hearing. In fact many young peopl

第1题

Medical research has shown that the widespread of use of cigarettes contributes ___

_____ the increase of cancers.

A) towards

B) for

C) with

D) to

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第2题

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. B

ut forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep patterns. "People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. "So it can help save on the wear and tear on our system and allow people to feel more energetic."

So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Don't wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a very long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upset you. Mentally going over your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person's perspective (视角). You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance (无知), fear— even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view.

The text is mainly written to explain______.

A．how to keep yourself from being hurt

B．how to stay mentally healthy

C．how and when to remain calm

D．why and how to pardon others

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第3题

A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in w

hich consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.

If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow must people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 -1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending arc not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment:" I just don't pay these prices; they are too high."

Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them "right" and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.

The best title of the passage is ______.

A．Consumer's Purchasing Power

B．Relationship between Income and Purchasing Power

C．Traditional Assumptions

D．Studies in Consumer Behavior

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第4题

There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would b

uy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set.

Now those 【21】______ seem hopelessly old-fashioned: this Christmas, there were a lot of 【22】______ computers under the tree. 【23】______ that computers are their key to success, parents are also frantically insisting that children 【24】______ taught to use them on school—as early as possible. The problem for schools is that when it 【25】______ computers, parents don’t always know best. Many schools are 【26】______ parental impatience and are purchasing hardware without 【27】______ educational planning, so they can say, OK, we've moved into the computer age. Teachers 【28】______ themselves caught in the middle of the problem — between parent pressure and 【29】______ educational decisions.

Educators do not even agree 【30】______ how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials 【31】______ research has shown can be taught 【32】______ with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should 【33】______ to computer warn of potential 【34】______ to the very young.

The temptation remains strong largely because young children 【35】______ so well to computers. First graders have been 【36】______ willing to work for two hours on math skills. Some have an attention span of 20 minutes.

【37】______ school, however, can afford to go into computing, and that creates 【38】______ another problem: a division between the have’s and havenot’s. Very few parents ask 【39】______ computer instruction in poor school districts, 【40】______ there may be barely enough money to pay the reading teacher.

【21】

A．items

B．toys

C．sets

D．series

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第5题

请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。 The relationship between formal education and economic growth

请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social， political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however， the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it， because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and， as a result， radically higher standards of living.

Ironically， the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago， with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak， the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was， and remains， the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda， Nissan， and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts——a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.

What is the real relationship between education and economic development？ We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don"t force it. After all， that"s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10，000 years ago， they didn"t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As education improved， humanity"s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential， they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary， but not a sufficient， condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.

Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education， however， doesn"t constrain the ability of the developing world"s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary， constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn"t developing more quickly there than it is.

The author holds in Paragraph I that the importance of education in poor countries_________. 查看材料

A. is subject to groundless doubts

B. has fallen victim to bias

C. is conventionally downgraded

D. has been overestimated

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第6题

Questions are based on the following passage．A research led by the University of Sydney ha

Questions are based on the following passage．

A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think otherpeople are stating at them even when they aren"t. When in doubt， the human brain is morelikely to tell its owner that he"s under the gaze of another person.

"Gaze perception——the ability to tell what a person is looking at——is a social cue thatpeople ofen take for granted，" says Professor Colin Clifford from the University"s Schoolof Psychology.

To tell if they"re under someone"s gaze， people look at the position of the otherperson"s eyes and the direction of their heads. These visual cues are then sent to the brainwhere there are specific areas that compute this information.

However， the brain doesn"t just passively receive information from the eyes. Thestudy shows that when people have limited visual cues， such as in dark conditions or whenthe other person is wearing sunglasses， the brain takes over with what it "knows".

The researchers created images of faces and asked people to observe where the faceswere looking. "We made it difficult for the observers to see where the eyes were pointedso they would have to rely on their prior knowledge to judge the faces" direction of gaze，"Professor Clifford explains. "It turns out that we"re likely to believe that others are staringat us， especially when we"re uncertain."

"There are several speculations to why humans have this bias，" Professor Cliffordsays. "Direct gaze can signal dominance or a threat， and if you perceive something as athreat， you would not want to miss it. So assuming that the other person is looking at youmay simply be a safer strategy. Also， direct gaze is often a social cue that the other personwants to communicate with us， so it"s a signal for an upcoming interaction."

"It"s important that we find out whether it"s innate or learned——and how this mightaffect people with certain mental conditions，" Professor Clifford says.

Research has shown， for example， that people who have autism （孤独症） are lessable to tell whether someone is looking at them. People with social anxiety， on the otherhand， have a higher tendency to think that they are under the stare of others.

"So if it is a learned behaviour， we could help them practice this task——onepossibility is letting them observe a lot of faces with different eyes and head directions，and giving them feedback on whether their observations are accurate."

What can we learn from the research led by the University of Sydney？查看材料

A.Human brain can tell if its owner is under someone"s gaze.

B.Human brain cannot identify other people"s gaze when in doubt.

C.People in doubt often think they are stared at by others.

D.People tend to stare at others when they are in doubt.

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第7题

People born in the summer are more likely to be healthy than those who arrive during o

ther times of the year, new research suggests. The phenomenon could be caused by mothers getting more sun in pregnancy — and passing on higher quantities of vitamin D to their unborn infant. A study of almost half a million British adults found babies born in June, July, and August were heavier at birth and taller as adults. For the first time the research also revealed girls born in the summer started puberty later — an indication of better health in adult life. Early puberty in girls has been linked with a higher risk of diabetes, heart disease or breast cancer. Previous research has shown children born between June and October are likely to be slightly taller and have bigger bones than winter-born children — believed to be related to vitamin D exposure during pregnancy. Babies born in autumn and winter are more likely to develop food allergies — with sunlight exposure during pregnancy and vitamin D levels also thought to play a role in this. But being born in summer can have drawbacks - such as an increased risk of short-sightedness.

1.According to the new research, babies born in summer are more likely to be healthy.

A.T

B.F

2.Late puberty in girls has been related to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease or breast cancer.

A.T

B.F

3.Vitamin D exposure during pregnancy is believed to be connected with the height of the babies.

A.T

B.F

4.Food allergies are more likely to take place among babies born in spring.

A.T

B.F

5.Short-sightedness is one of the probable disadvantages for babies born in summer.

A.T

B.F

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第8题

听力原文：M: For now, you see, most economists believe a recession will not strike this yea

r.

W: But, John, according to the statistical report shown on yesterday's newspaper, you can't be so optimistic.

Q: What are they talking about？

(18)

A．A strike that has been on for a year.

B．The accuracy of economists' prediction.

C．The present economic situation.

D．The man's being too optimistic.

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第9题

Much research has been done on interviews in general ______.A．so the training of journalis

Much research has been done on interviews in general ______.

A．so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened

B．though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attention

C．but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected

D．and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing

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第10题

根据材料，回答题。 .Music and DrivingListening to loud music while driving can seriously ha

根据材料，回答题。

.Music and Driving

Listening to loud music while driving can seriously hamper reaction times and cause accidents，new research suggests.

A Canadian study found people took up to 20% longer to perform. physical and mental tasks to loud music. If motorists were delayed that long at the wheel they could suffer a fatal crash，warned the RAC．Foundation， a British motoring organization. Edmund King， the RAC Foundation"s executive director， said the study showed that" not only is loud music a nuisance to other，it could also be the cause of accidents".

Earlier research by the RAC Foundation found drivers were twice as likely to skip a red light while listening to music. In the Canadian study volunteers carried out tasks whiie listening to levels of noise varying from 53 decibels（equivalent to an office environment） to 95 decibels （equivalent to an oil rig）. Researchers found reactions to be significantly decreased at higher noise levels for both physical and mental work. At 95 decibels reaction times to tasks that involve decision making plummeted（骤然减少） by 20%. Edmund King said:"The findings of the Canadian study are bad news for decibel-loving drivers， as they prove that not only is loud music a nuisance to others， it could also be the cause of accidents on the roads. "Drivers are at even greater risk if they listen to music with a pounding beat rather than more relaxed tunes， according to experts.

Conrad" King， consultant psychologist to the foundation， said:" It is important that drivers choose their music carefully when driving，as up-tempo music has been shown to cause drivers to have double the amount of accidents as those listening to slower music. "In general， if music is a-bove 60 beats per minute， listeners experience a faster rate and increased blood pressure. "It doesn"t matter if you listen to opera， classical or the latest rave music. It"s the speed of the beat that counts. "

According to scientific research， people may spend more time doing physical work if listening to loud music while doing the task. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第11题

Common indoor plants may prove to be a valuable weapon in the fight against rising levels

of indoor air pollution. Those【C1】______in your office or home are not only【C2】______, but NASA scientists are finding them to be【C3】______Useful in absorbing potentially harmful【C4】______and cleaning the air inside modern buildings.

NASA and the Associated Landscape Contractors of America(ALCA)have【C5】______the findings of a 2-year study that【C6】______the common indoor plant may provide a natural way of helping【C7】______"Sick Building Syndrome."

Research【C8】______the use of biological processes as a means of solving environmental problems, both on the【C9】______and in space habitats(栖息地), has been【C10】______out for many years by Dr. Bill Wolverton,【C11】______a senior research scientist at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, Miss.

Based on preliminary evaluations of the use of common indoor plants for indoor air purification and revitalization(恢复活力), ALCA【C12】______NASA to fund a study using about a dozen popular varieties of ornamental plants to determine their【C13】______in removing several key pollutants associated with indoor air pollution. NASA research on indoor plants has found that living plants are so【C14】______at absorbing contaminants in the air that some will be launched into【C15】______as part of the biological life support system aboard future orbiting space stations.

【C16】______research is needed, Wolverton says the study has shown that common indoor landscaping plants can remove【C17】______pollutants from the indoor environment. "We feel that future results will provide an even【C18】______argument that common indoor landscaping plants can be a very effective part of a system used to provide pollution【C19】______homes and work places," he【C20】______.

【C1】

A．offices

B．plants

C．ways

D．homes

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