Since the 1980s the spectrum of Britain’s poets has become more diverse in class, ethn

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Few Facts about Singapore

1 Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia，consisting of one major island——the Singapore Island——and more than 50 small islands， located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore， the capital of the country， is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island ; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the re-public is 640 sq. kin.

2 Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief（轮廓鲜明的） features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate，with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2，413 mm;the wettest months are November through January.

3 Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president，elected to a four-year term is head of state， and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament， but by a 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）， the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law making， body with its 81 members popularly elected.

4 In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278，300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200，200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the Nati"onal University of Singapore， several technical colleges， and a teachers college.

5 Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $ 23.7 billion， or $ 8，870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s， and Singapore now produces a diversity （多样化的）of goods， including chemicals， electronic items， clothing， and processed foods， etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.

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A.Education.

B.Land and climate.

C.State system.

D.Natural resources.

E.Economy of singapore.

F.Population.

spread worldwide. Officials are【B1】governments around the world to take【B2】to reduce the risk of MCD【B3】humans. They say.all countries should take measures to【B4】the safety of cattle and beef【B5】.

All animals known to have the【B6】have been found in Europe or European imports. The FAO says all countries which【B7】cattle or meat and bone meat from Western Europe since 1980s can be considered at【B8】for the disease. It says these countries should consider an immediate【B9】on feeding meat and bone meat to all【B10】.

The cattle disease is Bovine Spongiform. Encephalopathy(牛绵状脑病), or BSE. It causes holes in the brain. Cows act【B11】before they die. So it is known【B12】Mad Cow Disease. Scientists believe eating【B13】beef may cause a similar【B14】disease in humans. This deadly disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. It can not be【B15】.

In the United States American officials have taken steps to【B16】MCD from entering the country. The government【B17】imports of cows and other animals from countries【B18】BES exists. Imports of some feed products from such areas also are restricted. Feed containing animal remains is suspected of【B19】the disease. American officials say they are【B20】animals for signs of BSE. The brains of these animals are sent to the Agriculture Department For additional tests.

【B1】

A．making

B．urging

C．driving

D．forcing

Although 【21】______ circuits made computers smaller, the processing units still consisted 【22】______ a number of circuits on separate chips. In 1971, an engineer working for Intel realized that a 【23】______ of circuits commissioned for an electronic calculator could all be put 【24】______ one chip, and that the resulting device could be used 【25】______ a general-purpose "computer on a chip". The result was the Intel 4004 -- the world's first microprocessor. Physically, it consisted of a silicon chip in a protective ceramic capsule, with a set of metal pins sticking 【26】______ that connected it to other components in whatever 【27】______ it controlled. It 【28】______ 2,300 transistors, 【29】______ 60,000 operations per second, and could be used for any device -- including computers and robots -- that required a "brain" for accepting 【30】______ and following a program of 【31】______ to produce an output. Within five years, many very powerful microprocessors had 【32】______ .The invention of microprocessors 【33】______ the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer (PC)-- an affordable machine for 【34】______ The first PCs, in kit form, appeared in the mid 1970s, and by the mid-1980s machines such as the Apple Macintosh and those based 【35】______ a PC first 【36】______ by IBM in 1981 were popular throughout the world. The success of these machines led to an explosion of software, in 【37】______ a range of spreadsheet, word-processing, graphic, educational, and games programs. Since the 1980s, a number of strong-intertwined themes have 【38】______ the computer revolution forward, including a continuing increase in the processing power and decrease in the size and cost of PCs; a switch of emphasis from 【39】______ to linked machines, as evidenced by the growth of local area networks and the Internet; and the spread of computer applications into virtually every 【40】______ of home and business life.

【21】

A．integral

B．comprehensive

C．integrated

D．general

Questions are based on the following passage．

Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop （1） them; and theyoften get rid of new recruits because they are easier to sack. But during the （2） recessionsin the 1970s，1980s， and 1990s， older workers also got fired. This time is different. Duringthe financial crisis in 2008， and since， older people have done better than other age groups.

The researchers （3 ）on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the totalpopulation in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. Whereas theaverage non-employment rate in the OECD （经济合作与发展组织） countries has risenby （4）% among young people and by 1.5% among 25- to 54-year-olds， it has 4 by 2%among the 55-64 age group.

Why have older employees done so well？ Maybe the job protection mechanismhas played its role， but what has really changed is that firms now （5 ）the full costs ofgetting rid of older staff.

Nowadays， older workers are healthier than they used to be and work isless（6）demanding.

They are also more（7） to employers than prior generations for they have receivedbetter education.

Old workers now also have a sharper （8） to stay in employment because ofthe impact of the crisis on wealth. Many will argue that older workers have done betterat the（9） of the young. This is wrongheaded （执迷不悟的 ） . First， it is a false beliefthat a job gained for one person is a job lost for another. Second， young and old people areby and large not substitute in the workplace. They do different types of work in different typesof（10）. There are plenty of things that can help the young jobless， but shunting （避开 ）older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.

A．attractive

B．bear

C．charge

D．energetically

E．Expense

F．Fallen

G．Focus

H．Hiring

I．Incentive

J．Occupation

K．Physically

L．Previous

M．Productive

N．profitably

O．Sector

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What Is Globalization ？

It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people&39;s lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the "globalize" financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched.Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets-it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own.

So how does the globalize market work？ It is modern communications that make it possible; for the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India, or for a sportswear (运动服 )manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in southeast Asia and sell them in North America.

But this is where the anti-globalization side gets stuck in (关注) .If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled by overseas, then the creation of a globalize economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place.

Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalize corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist.

Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalization&39;s exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, support or simply observe it.

Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

Gender Pay Gap, Once Narrowing, Is Stuck in Place

Throughout the 1980s and early '90s, women of all economic levels—poor, middle class and rich—were steadily gaining ground on their male counterparts in the work force. By the mid-'90s, women earned more than 75 cents for every dollar in hourly pay that men did, up from 65 cents just 15 years earlier.

Largely without notice, however, one big group of women has stopped making progress: those with a four-year college degree. The gap between their pay and the pay of male college graduates has actually widened slightly since the mid-'90s.

For women without a college education, the pay gap with men has narrowed only slightly over the same span.

These trends suggest that all the recent high-profile achievements—the first female secretary of state, the first female lead anchor of a nightly newscast, the first female president of Princeton, and, next month, the first female speaker of the House—do not reflect what is happening to most women, researchers say.

A decade ago, it was possible to imagine that men and women with similar qualifications might one day soon be making nearly identical salaries. Today, that is far harder to envision.

"Nothing happened to the pay gap from the mid-1950s to the late '70s," said Francine D. Blau, an economist at Cornell and a leading researcher of gender and pay. "Then the '80s stood out as a period of sharp increases in women's pay. And it's much less impressive after that."

Last year, college-educated women between 36 and 45 years old, for example, earned 74.7 cents in hourly pay for every dollar that men in the same group did, according to Labor Department data analyzed by the Economic Policy Institute. A decade earlier, the women earned 75.7 cents.

The reasons for the stagnation are complicated and appear to include both discrimination and women's own choices. The number of women staying home with young children has risen recently, according to the Labor Department; the increase has been sharpest among highly educated mothers, who might otherwise be earning high salaries. The pace at which women are flowing into highly paid fields also appears to have slowed.

Like so much about gender and the workplace, there are at least two ways to view these trends. One is that women, faced with most of the burden for taking care of families, are forced to choose jobs that pay less—or, in the case of stay-at-home mothers, nothing at all.

If the government offered day-care programs similar to those in other countries or men spent more time caring for family members, women would have greater opportunity to pursue whatever job they wanted, according to this view.

The other view is that women consider money a top priority less often than men do. Many may relish the chance to care for children or parents and prefer jobs, like those in the nonprofit sector, that offer more opportunity to influence other people's lives.

Both views, economists note, could have some truth to them.

"Is equality of income what we really want？" asked Claudia Goldin, an economist at Harvard who has written about the revolution in women's work over the last generation. "Do we want everyone to have an equal chance to work 80 hours in their prime reproductive years？ Yes, but we don't expect them to take that chance equally often."

Whatever role their own preferences may play in the pay gap, many women say they continue to battle subtle forms of lingering prejudice. Indeed, the pay gap between men and women who have similar qualifications and work in the same occupation—which economists say is one of the purest measures of gender equality—has barely budged since 1990. Today, the discrimination often comes from bosses who believe they treat everyone equally, women say, but it can still crea

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

A.which

B.than

C.that

D.then

A.1970s

B.1980s

C.1956-1969年

D.1952-1955年

In 1980s, West German labor unions ______ a 35-hour week in order to create more jobs.

A．sponsored

B．contributed

C．advocated

D．performed

polluted by ______.