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[主观题]

Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e

arn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employees and the self-employed. Labor is one of the country’s resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community.

Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as a total population increases the proportion in the workforce declines.

Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly , and as people retire from the workforce there are unadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.

The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the work force, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

Labor force is composed of __________.

A．people who are available to work and earn income

B．self-employed people only

C．only those who are looking for an employment

D．only the employees

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发布时间：2020-09-30
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更多“Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e”相关的问题

第1题

劳动力（labor force)

劳动力(labor force)

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第2题

As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 190s.A．Y

As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 190s.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第3题

Latin America has an __________ labor force and natural resources.A.wealthyB.abundantC.sca

Latin America has an __________ labor force and natural resources.

A.wealthy

B.abundant

C.scattered

D.deposited

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第4题

The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and 1990s.A．YB．NC

The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and 1990s.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第5题

阅读下列短文，回答 46～50 题： 第 46 题 Labor force is composed of ________.

阅读下列短文，回答 46～50 题：

阅读下列短文，回答 46～50 题： 第 46 题 Labor force is composed

第 46 题 Labor force is composed of ________.

阅读下列短文，回答 46～50 题： 第 46 题 Labor force is composed

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第6题

As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s.A．

As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第7题

After the discussion of the()(execute)committee, the labor law was put into force in May,1994.
After the discussion of the（)（execute)committee, the labor law was put into force in May,1994.

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第8题

By "wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force", the autho
r means that______.

A．many women are no longer able to join the labor force

B．many women become too weak to work

C．many women refuse to have children

D．the major job for women is no longer to give birth to and bring up children

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第9题

Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth
of the labor force, the increase in output per man-hour, and the growth of total demand for goods and services. Changes in the average hours of work enter in exactly parallel fashion but have been quantitatively less significant. As productivity rises, less labor is required per dollar of national product, or more goods and services can be produced with the same number of goods. If output does not grow, employment will certainly fall; if production increases more rapidly than productivity (less any decline in average hours worked)employment must rise. But the labor force grows, too. Unless gross national product(total final expenditure for goods and services corrected for price changes) rises more rapidly than the sum of productivity increase and labor force growth (again modified for any change in hours of work), the increase in employment will be inadequate to absorb the growth in the labor force. Inevitably the unemployment rate will increase. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. Increases in productivity were more important than growth of the labor force as sources of the wide gains in output experienced in the period from the end of the war to the mid-sixties. These increases in potential production simply were not matched by increases in demand adequate to maintain steady full employment.

Except for the recession years of 1949, 1954, and 1958, the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase. However, in the late 1950s productivity and labor force were increasing more rapidly than usual, while the growth of output was slower than usual. This accounted for the change in employment rates.

But if part of the national purpose is to reduce and contain unemployment, arithmetic is not enough. We must know which of the basic factors we can control and which we wish to control. Unemployment would have risen more slowly or fallen more rapidly if productivity had in creased more slowly, or the labor force had increased more slowly, or the hours of work had fallen more steeply, or total output had grown more rapidly. These are not independent factors, however, and a change in any of them might have caused change in the other.

A society can choose to reduce the growth of productivity, and it can probably find ways to frustrate its own creativity. However, while a reduction in the growth of productivity at the expense of potential output might result in higher employment in the short run, the long-run effect on the national interest would be disastrous.

We must also give consideration to the fact that hidden beneath national averages is continuous movement into, out of, between, and within labor markets. For example, 15 years ago, the average number of persons in the labor force was 74 million, with about 70 million employed and 3.9 million unemployed. Yet 14 million experienced some term or unemployment in that year. Some were new entrants to the labor fore; others were laid off temporarily, the remainder were those who were permanently or indefinitely severed from their jobs. Thus, the average number unemployed during a year understates the actual volume of involunatary displacement that occurs.

High unemployment is not an inevitable result of the pace of technological change but the consequence of passive public policy. We can anticipate a moderate increase in the labor force accompained by a slow and irregular decline in hours or work. It follows that the output of the economy--and the aggregate demand to buy it--must grow by more than 4 percent a year just to prevent the unemployment rate from rising, and by even more if the unemployment rate is to fall further. Yet our

A．productivity rises at the same rate as growth of the labor force

B．productivity and labor force increase at a greater rate than output

C．output exceeds productivity

D．rate of economic growth is less than the number of man-hours required

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第10题

JobsA person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational

Jobs

A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These change& also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.

A New Labor Force

The United States labor force the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979 to 1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States.

The U.S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005. White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share. Between 1992 and 2006, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 36% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2006, their share is expected to be 48%.

The age makeup of the U.S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.

The changing age make-up of the U.S. population will directly affect tomorrow's work force. Young people aged 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers aged 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 46 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years.

Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment

The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers aged 26 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelor's degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue.

From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings.

Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第11题

It is stated that construction of a new education system_________.
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A. challenges economists and politicians

B. takes efforts of generations

C. demands priority from the government

D. requires sufficient labor force

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