The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and

生态系统(ecosystem)

Frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

A.译码

B.经济学

C.生态系统

D.礼仪

根据是否直接满足服务消费者的需求，可以将服务生态系统(Services ecosystem)中的服务分为垂直(Vertical)服务和水平(Horizontal)服务。因此，在进行服务系统构建的时候，可以事先将服务分划为这两种类型，并按照其特点，应用不同的设计原则，分别进行分析和设计。()

参考答案：错误

Brundtland report states that " The loss of plant and animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations; so sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species". What, all of them？ At what price？ ... At another point the Brundtland report says that economic growth and development obviously involve changes in the physical ecosystem. " Every ecosystem everywhere cannot be preserved intact. " Well, thats a relief. But how can it be made consistent with the earlier objective？ Does it mean that it is all right to deprive some people in some parts of the world of a piece of their ecosystem but not others？ What justification is there for this discrimination？

What have the researchers discovered in the Arctic？

A．The ice and cold water in the region contain banned toxic chemicals.

B．Poisons stored in the region are leaking out due to global warming.

C．The amount of toxic chemicals in the region could destroy all mankind.

D．The ecosystem in the region has been changed by rising temperatures.

___________ 查看材料

A.Its opponents argue， however， that it will stop global warming.

B.Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem， and now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.

C.As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor， their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.

D.They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 per cent， of the extra carbon that was originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.

E."These are newer and better models."

F.Ocean fertilisation is not the answer to global warming.

lion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly, CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. Excerpt 2 Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Excerpt 3 Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind. Climate change may affect natural ecosystems in a variety of ways. In the short term, climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands. In the long term, climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geographic distribution of major vegetation types—savannas, forests, and tundra. Climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes, including the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Moreover, changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type. All of the climate change-induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services that these ecosystems provide to humans. Excerpt 4 Plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. Excerpt 5 Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal—due in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward. Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered. Excerpt 6 The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of______.

A．economic growth

B．wasteful use of energy

C．the widening gap between the rich and poor

D．the rapid advances of science and technology

are grown so that they naturally weave together. Since the growth patterns of trees are __1__ by wind and sunlight, it may be possible to control the way a tree develops.

These Fabricated Tree House Habitats would use trees grown into shapes as housing. One of the __2__ of these designs is that trees would not have to be cut down for lumber.

"A 100 percent treehouse would take years to create," Joachim said.__3__ the climate, a house could take anywhere from 5 to 30 years to grow. Fortunately, there's a way to speed up the process. Joachim suggests including ecological materials such as sod (草皮), grasses and living branches in the housing designs. "This material would be able to move as the house grows," Joachim said.

A home would become an actual ecosystem, a community of plants, animals, and bacteria working together. The trees would also give off water vapor that would assist in __4__ the homes. Solar panels and wind would help provide energy. The tree homes might even have soil pockets, where plants could grow from the structure itself.

Work has already begun on Joachim's first design—a house made from 50 percent recycled and 50 percent living things. Joachim is confident about the __5__ of his work, as he uses natural products without destroying nature.

"The environment and its study are very important. We need to respect nature, don't take it for granted," he said.

(1)A.effected

B.affected

C.attempted

(2)A.purposes

B.disadvantages

C.advantages

(3)A.Depending on

B.Judging by

C.Protected from

(4)A.cleaning

B.heating

C.cooling

(5)A.happiness

B.benefit

C.importance

回答题

Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee？

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health， they"re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart？ Does it increase blood pressure？ Does it help you concentrate？ However， coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways， too.Traditionally， coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However， more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first， this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren"t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

Unfortunately， deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore， in the long term， the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant， but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well， and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

Fortunately， farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure， these varieties might cost a little more. But we"re paying for the health of the birds， the land， ourselves， and the planet. I think it"s worth it.

What is the main idea of this passage？ 查看材料

A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.

C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee

D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.