What is genius？ Many tests have beercreated to answer this question。（）

How Geniuses Work

Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton, who invented Physics. He also played a big role in the development of Calculus (微积分学), which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.

The understanding of genius

According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to strange behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still.

There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius. First, the genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value be a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person's total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Second, genius is a big picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other hand, examine details. A concept as subjective as genius isn't easy to quantify, analyze or study.

So, when exploring how geniuses work, it's a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. A genius isn't simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius' work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.

Genius and the brain

The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), the outermost part of your brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are your brain's higher functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. Your cerebral cortex is the largest part of your brain, and it's full of wrinkles and folds. If you removed and stretched out an adult human's cerebral cortex, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It's divided into several lobes (圆形的突起), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think.

Researchers have so far only figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain's total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain determine how smart a person is.

A 2006 paper in the journal Nature theorized that the way the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself. A person's cerebral cortex gets thicker during childhood and thinner during youth, According to the study, the brains of children with higher IQs thickened faster than those of other children. Studies also suggest that, to some extent, children inherit intelligence from their parents. Some researchers theorize that this is because the physical structure of the brain can be an inherited trait. In addition, the process of becoming really good at something both requires and encourages your brain to wire itself to handle that particular task better.

Genius and intelligence

Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics (心理测验学), is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts don't always agree on exactly what it is or how be

A．They are wealthier than common people.

B．They are harder to deal with.

C．They think faster and better than common people.

D．They are a little trickier than others.

A.How

B.What a

C.What

D.What an

根据以下材料，回答题

School Degrees

In the past， degrees were very unusual in my family. I remember the day my uncle graduated. We had a huge party， and for many years my mother called him "the genius" and listened to his opinion. Today in comparison， five of my brothers and sisters have degrees， and two are studying for their masters". However， some people think that this increased access to education is devaluing degrees.

People have several arguments against the need for degrees. They say that having so many graduates devalues a degree. People lose respect for the degree holder. It is also claimed that education has become a rat race. Graduates have to compete for jobs even after years of studying.

Another point is that studying for such a long time leads to learners becoming inflexible. They know a lot about one narrow subject， but are unable to apply their skills. Employers prefer more flexible and adaptable workers.

However， I feel strongly that this move to having more qualifications is a positive development. In the past education was only for the rich; and powerful. Now it is available to everyone， and this will have many advantages for the country and the individual. First of all， it is impossible to be overeducated. The more people are educated， the better the world will be， because people will be able to discuss and exchange ideas. A further point is that people with degrees have many more opportunities. They can take a wider variety of jobs and do what they enjoy doing，

instead of being forced to take a job they dislike. Finally， a highly educated workforce is good for the economy of the country. It attracts foreign investment.

In conclusion， although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education， I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.

What can we learn about the author‘s family？ 查看材料

A.They used to disregard education.

B.They are overeducated now.

C.Few members were allowed to go to school in the past.

D.There are now more educated members than in the past.

If a person is considered to be a genius, what scores does he need to get in an IQ test？

A．Lower than 90.

B．Between 90 and 110.

C．Between 110 and 140.

D．As much as 140 or more.

What is one of the reasons that make it hard for people to study genius？

A．Geniuses are all very strange and hard to get along with.

B．Genius is a subjective concept.

C．IQ test is not accurate in measuring people's intelligence.

D．High test scores in IQ test have little to do with real genius.

n Doughty Street, London. Dr. Sanders, can you give us a brief introduction to the great writer？

M: Yeah. The novelist Charles Dickens has been a best selling author for a very long time, in fact since his work appeared a hundred and fifty years ago. It' s here in this house that he completed "The Pickwick Paper". It was here, too, that he wrote "Nicholas Nickleby" and "Oliver Twist". They followed on the success of "The Pickwick Papers" and established his reputation as a leading author.

W: Dickens really was the first great popular novelist, wash' t he？

M: Exactly. He and his publishers had discovered the very useful means of writing in monthly parts so you could buy parts of novels serially, quite cheaply. Dickens' works were absolutely best-sellers and this continued throughout the thirty or forty years of his writing life.

W: Why is he still so popular, when so many writers go out of fashion？

M: I think in the end you put it down to nothing short of genius, that what he was doing was writing for a popular audience in his own time.

Which is NOT the place where they are talking？

A．London University.

B．The home of Charles Dickens.

C．London.

D．The Dickens Museum,

What does the author want to show by using the example of Einstein？

A．Great scientists are also great artists.

B．The left side of Einstein's brain is very powerful.

C．Einstein is a genius whose two sides of the brain are strong.

D．The two sides of the brain are equally important.

individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways, some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At the beginning there was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error, and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to discard all that was academic so that the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed.

Her search for natural movement form. sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony with the movements of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.

First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movements that could be used in dance. Before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity shown by complicated movements. Duncan performed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed from her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others might be able to develop the art.

Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She discarded ballet shoes and stiff costumes. These were replaced with bare feet, and unbound hair. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.

Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of great masters, including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.

She was as exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.

According to the passage, what did nature represent to Isadora Duncan？

A．Something to conquer.

B．A model for movement.

C．A place to find peace.

D．A symbol of disorder.

What can we infer from paragraph 2？

A．You may have a job unless you get a high school diploma at least.

B．If you can't get a high school diploma you will die lonely in society.

C．It is possible to be a genius like George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison.

D．If your name is George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, you will be certainly out of work.

8:30 p.m.

Outlook

Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you update with all that's new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past. The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fashion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook. The program is introduced by Fran Levine.

9:00 p. m.

Discovery

When a 10-year-old boy gets a fast dam degree in mathematics or an 8-year-old child plays chess like a grand master, they are considered as geniuses. Where does the quality of genius come from？ Is it all in the genes (基因) or can any child be turned into a genius？ And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do？ In this 30-minute film, John Walt, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University will help you discover the answer.

10:00 p. m.

Science/Health

Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？ The answer is "yes", according to the researchers at Tom Smith and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight loss—exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food—lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category (范畴). This week, Dr. John White will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what's been achieved with Hypertension drugs.

The main purpose of writing these three texts is ______.

A．to invite people to see films

B．to invite people to topic discussions

C．to attract more students to attend lectures

D．to attract more people to watch TV programs