Snake robots could move in only four directions. 查看材

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Wide World of Robots

Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They&39;re the best toys out there," says Howle Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.＜br＞

When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved--cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.＜br＞

Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the Califomia Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset&39;s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲 ) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形) . "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.＜br＞

After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their own snake robots. Choset&39;s team programmed robots to perform. the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don&39;t, such as rolling.＜br＞

Choset&39;s snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.＜br＞

But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient&39;s chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform. the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake？＜br＞

Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.＜br＞

A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.＜br＞

Even after 15 years of working with his team&39;s creations, "I still don&39;t get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.

Choset began to build robots in high school. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

Mellon. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

听力原文：W: Hello, Tom.

M: Hello, Mother.

W: I want to buy David a pet for his birthday.

M: Yes, I know.

W: What shall I give him？

M: Why don't you buy him a dog？ He likes dogs because they are friendly.

W: But he' s already got a dog.

M: Yes, that's true. What about buying a cat？ Cats eat mice.

W: But he's got a pet mouse. Prod lie can't take a eat for a walk, can he？ Anyway, I want to buy him something unusual.

M: You could buy him a rabbit.

W: A rabbit？ What can he do with a rabbit？

M: Well, rabbits are very pretty. He can feed it, and play with it. He can build a house for it. He likes building things.

W: I don't think that's a very good idea. Rabbits aren't interesting. What about a snake？

M: A snake？

W: Lots of people have snakes. They me very clean and easy to look after. And they're very unusual pets. David likes snakes.

M: I don' t. No, don' t buy a make. I don' t want to open my bedroom door and find a snake.

W: What do you suggest then？

M: Why don' t you buy a bird？ They've got some parrots at the market. They've very pretty and they can talk, too. Parrots are unusual.

W: I don't like birds. They everywhere, and they make a lot of noise and a lot of mess.

M: Oh, I really don' t know what else I can suggest.

W: I want to buy something unusual.

(23)

A．Because David liked animal.

B．Because it was David's birthday.

C．Because she liked pets.

D．Because David had asked her for one.

One company is testing robots that could ______.

A．take the place of humans at meetings

B．eliminate the need for business travel

C．win against the human world soccer champion team

D．become man's best friend

听力原文：M: What would you wish for if I let you make a wish？

W: I'd wish I had a robot.

M: Why a robot？

W: a robot is clever, efficient, and obedient. It'll work with precision. And it will work round the clock without complaint.

M: Yes, it will free us from tedious and boring housework. But what would you do if you had a robot to work for you？

W: What would I do？ I'd make it work wonders. Things you may not even imagine possible.

M: But aren't you creating a world of machines, a world of cold, emotionless, mechanical creatures？

W: I don't think so. Robots can provide us with all kinds of entertainment imaginable, including both artistic and popular forms of entertainment. You may call them "cyber culture".

M: I don't like your "cyber culture". It's too general and abstract.

W: Well, for one thing, no human culture could match cyber culture in variety and creativity, you know.

M: It depends on what you mean by variety and creativity. I consider humans the most varied, sophisticated, creative and powerful creature on earth. Any mechanical culture is simply lifeless, and it's harmful to the human world.

W: Don't get so emotional. You know robots would willingly do the kind of work that is physically unbearable to humans. They would protect us from risking harmful hazards.

M: I see your point.

W: A robot can help with housework, too.

M: Yeah, and do physical exercise for you.

W: You're kidding. I'll do bodybuilding myself in the gym. Do you know what else I'd definitely do myself, even if I had a thousand robots？

M: What？

W: I'd do my study. If not, I'd be done. 1 fear robots might develop to such a degree that they would threaten our existence. I must study and learn enough theories and techniques to operate and control my robot, before it would begin to control me.

M: That's very sensible. Science is a sword with double blades. It benefits, and harms too, if things get out of control.

W: Right, we'll try to take advantage of its benefits and guard against any possible harm.

(23)

A．They work with precision.

B．They do physical exercises for us.

C．They work round the clock.

D．They free us from tedious and boring work

ng to avert worker shortages as the countrys population shrinks. Japan faces a 16 percent slide in the size of its workforce by 2030 while the number of elderly will mushroom, the government estimates, raising worries about who will do the work in a country unused to, and unwilling to contemplate large-scale immigration. The thinktank, the Machine Industry Memorial Foundation, says robots could help fill the gaps, ranging from microsized capsules that detect lesions to high-tech vacuum cleaners. Rather than each robot replacing one person, the foundation said in a report that robots could make time for people to focus on more important things-Japan could save 2.1 trillion yen (10.4 billion pounds) of elderly insurance payments in 2025 by using robots that monitor the health of older people, so they dont have to rely on human nursing care, the foundation said in its report. Caregivers would save more than an hour a day if robots helped look after children, older people and did some housework, it added. Robotic duties could include reading books out loud or helping bathe the elderly.

ekend,and I was wondering if you could take care of some of our animals while we're gone. You know our dog，Jaws，don't you？

W: Yeah. My leg still hurts from the 1ast incident.

M: Hey，he's just a playful little beast. He likes to bark a little，and his bark is worse than his bite. Just feed him a can of dog food a day，and make sure he has plenty of water in his dish.

[Oh]And then，take him for a walk around the block.

W: Well，how about if I just throw a Frisbee over the fence to give him some exercise？Wouldn't that work？

M: Ah，and then，he likes to watch the 3:00 soap opera on Channel 4[What？]…and brush his teeth after you give him some doggie treats around 4:00. And，then brush his fur for about twenty minutes. He tends to shed this time of year.

[Ah，what？]And then scratch him around the ears. Otherwise，he feels neglected.

W: Man，you really pamper your dog. Is that it？

M: Well，and then there's Claws.

W: Claws？Who's Claws？

M: Oh，he's the cat we adopted from the animal shelter，but he's a little temperamental.

W: What do you mean“temperamental”？

M: Well，he has mood swings[Mood swings？]，but he's been doing better since he's been going to the animal therapist. So，be sure to feed him a half cup of cat food two times a day[What？A therapist…]，and don't forget to put on some soft classical music during his nap time at 2:40 P. m. But don't let him out of the house because he might run away and chase the neighbor's dog.

W: You have some high-maintenance animals.

M: Not really. And，don't forget to change the cat 1itter daily，or he might have an accident on the carpet.

[Oh，great. ]And finally，there's Buttercup.

W: Buttercup？Who's Buttercup…？I'm afraid to ask.

M: Ah，she's a sweetie[What？]…if you know how to handle her right.

[Oh，great. ]Wait. Let me get her for you. Here you are.

W: That's…That's a snake…[Hold her. ]That's a big snake with big fangs. Does the snake go to a therapist，too？

M: Of course not…just an anger-management class.

W: Oh!What？

M: I'm joking. Buttercup is a very docile creature，and she never bites anyone she likes. If she doesn't. you'll know because she starts hissing and staring at you…. kind like what she's doing now.

W: Well，I'm leaving. You must be going out of your mind to think I'm going to watch a zoo full of misunderstood animals. You'd better hire some professional help'cause I wouldn't watch them even if you paid me a million dollars.

(26)

A．It can be somewhat aggressive.

B．It eats too much food at one time.

C．The dog might mess on his carpet.

D．It barks too loudly.

回答（50）题 查看材料

A.It"s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.

B.But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.

C.And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend， Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.

D.However， few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.

E.Maybe your generation could resist， but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.

F.The robot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition.